ArticleAmerican journal of rhinology & allergy2020
A Community-Based Study on the Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction.
Article in American journal of rhinology & allergy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Ageing research reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2021Pooled it
- Age-related changes in olfactory function: electrophysiological recordings from the olfactory mucosa and human brain.npj aging · 2026Article
- High Pesticide Exposure Events and Self-Reported and Measured Olfactory Dysfunction.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- Utility of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements in Age-Related Olfactory Dysfunction.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2026Article
- Age-related decrease of odorant sensitivity for a selection of nine diverse molecules.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Olfactory Impairment and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Older Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Gray matter and episodic memory associations with olfaction in middle-aged to older adults.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
- Integrating the patient's voice into the research agenda for treatment of chemosensory disorders.Chemical senses · 2024Article
- Aging and Olfactory Training: A Scoping Review.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- The Impact of Ambient and Wildfire Air Pollution on Rhinosinusitis and Olfactory Dysfunction.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- Effects of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery on Olfactory Function.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- Post-COVID-19 Anosmia and Therapies: Stay Tuned for New Drugs to Sniff Out.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Assessment of Olfactory Dysfunction Using ODOFIN Sniffin' Sticks: A Prospective Comparative Study.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
- Effects of Air Pollution on Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Anosmia.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Article
- Incomplete and late recovery of sudden olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19.Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngologyArticle
- Herpes simplex virus,Journal of Alzheimer's disease reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOlfactory dysfunction (OD) is common, affecting an estimated 13 million adults in the United States. Prior studies may underestimate OD prevalence due to use of brief smell identification tests or age-adjusted cutoff values, which concede that it is acceptable for older people to have a decreased sense of smell.
objectiveTo determine OD prevalence in the healthy community when the goal and expectation is ideal olfactory function, rather than age-based population norms. Secondary goals were to explore factors associated with OD.
methodsSubjects without otolaryngic complaints were recruited from the community surrounding the Medical University of South Carolina. Olfactory-specific information was collected, and olfactory function was assessed using the Sniffin' Sticks test (Burghardt, Wedel, Germany) to measure threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI). OD was defined as a TDI score < 31. Bivariate analysis and linear regression were used to determine factors associated with OD.
resultsIn total, 176 subjects were included with mean age of 52 years (range: 20-93), 111 (63%) female, and 127 (72%) white. Mean TDI score was 28.8 (6.9) and OD was present in 94 (53%) subjects. Multivariate linear regression revealed that TDI decreased an average of 1 point every 5 years. TDI was also associated with Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Threshold was associated with age, heart problems, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Discrimination was associated with age and MMSE scores. Identification was associated with age, heart problems, and anxiety.
conclusionsIn a community-based sample, OD affects greater than 50% of subjects. Aging impacts all aspects of olfaction, while the effects of factors such as asthma, MMSE scores, gastroesophageal reflux disease, heart problems, and anxiety may only be evident in specific olfactory subtests.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.