ReviewBiomolecules2020
The Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Tumors.
Review in Biomolecules, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in combination with CTLA-4 inhibitor in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Recent advancements and persisting challenges in the evolution of next generation car t cell therapy for solid malignancies: a comprehensive review.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Enhanced anti-tumor effects of Imatinib and immune checkpoint inhibitors on gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells (GISTs): insights from monoculture and 3D co-culture models.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Current evidence and emerging approaches in immunotherapy for gynecological cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Cell adhesion molecules as emerging regulators of ferroptosis: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in cancer.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Oncological Biomarker Framework Guiding Precision Medicine.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Cancer specific up-regulated lactate genes associated with immunotherapy resistance in a pan-cancer analysis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Predictive Biomarkers and Resistance Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Solid Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Elucidating immune-related gene transcriptional programs via factorization of large-scale RNA-profiles.iScience · 2024Article
- Overcoming Resistance to Standard-of-Care Therapies for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas.Cells · 2024Review
- Autophagy induced by Helicobacter Pylori infection can lead to gastric cancer dormancy, metastasis, and recurrence: new insights.Human cell · 2024Review
- Interplay between the Human Microbiome and Biliary Tract Cancer: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Repurposing thioridazine for inducing immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer via eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP and secretory autophagy pathways.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- Vitamin D Receptor Antagonist MeTC7 Inhibits PD-L1.Cancers · 2023Article
- Macrophage Reprogramming via the Modulation of Unfolded Protein Response with siRNA-Loaded Magnetic Nanoparticles in a TAM-like Experimental Model.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Profiling Defines Three Immune Subtypes of NSCLC with Distinct Signaling Pathways and Genetic Alterations.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Predictive Biomarkers for Immune-Related Endocrinopathies following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Treatment.Cancers · 2023Review
- Distinct T helper cell-mediated antitumor immunity: T helper 2 cells in focus.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2023Review
- Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Management in Virus-Associated Digestive System Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Primary and Acquired Resistance against Immune Check Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The emergence of cancer immunotherapy has already shown some remarkable results, having changed the treatment strategy in clinical practice for solid tumors. Despite these promising long-term responses, patients seem to lack the ability to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thus demonstrating a primary resistance to immunotherapy. Moreover, a significant number of patients who initially respond to treatment eventually acquire resistance to immunotherapy. Both resistance mechanisms are a result of a complex interaction among different molecules, pathways, and cellular processes. Several resistance mechanisms, such as tumor microenvironment modification, autophagy, genetic and epigenetic alterations, tumor mutational burden, neo-antigens, and modulation of gut microbiota have already been identified, while more continue to be uncovered. In this review, we discuss the latest milestones in the field of immunotherapy, resistance mechanisms against this type of therapy as well as putative therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance in solid tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.