ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Modulation of Entrapment Efficiency and In Vitro Release Properties of BSA-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles Cross-Linked with Citric Acid as a Potential Protein-Drug Delivery System.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Selecting Hydrogel Films Composed of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Microcrystalline Cellulose From OPEFB With Citric Acid as a Green Crosslinker for Fruit Wrapping.International journal of biomaterials · 2026Article
- Development and Characterization of Chitosan Microparticles via Ionic Gelation for Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2025Article
- Potential of Encapsulated Bovine Colostrum in Powder-Based Formulations for Facial Clay, Peel-Off Gel, and Sleeping Gel Masks.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A novel antibacterial approach of Cecropin-B peptide loaded on chitosan nanoparticles against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.Amino acids · 2023Article
- Fabrication and Characterization of Celecoxib-Loaded Chitosan/Guar Gum-Based Hydrogel Beads.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Formulation of Chitosan Microparticles for Enhanced Intranasal Macromolecular Compound Delivery: Factors That Influence Particle Size during Ionic Gelation.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Novasomes as Nano-Vesicular Carriers to Enhance Topical Delivery of Fluconazole: A New Approach to Treat Fungal Infections.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Amphiphilic Poly-Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Inhalation Therapy for Pulmonary Diseases.Current drug metabolism · 2022Article
- Injectable niclosamide nanohybrid as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategy.Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces · 2021Article
- Chitosan Functionalization: Covalent and Non-Covalent Interactions and Their Characterization.Polymers · 2021Review
- Optimized Rivastigmine Nanoparticles Coated with Eudragit for Intranasal Application to Brain Delivery: Evaluation and Nasal Ciliotoxicity Studies.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Glycosaminoglycans: Carriers and Targets for Tailored Anti-Cancer Therapy.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Three-Dimensional Printing Constructs Based on the Chitosan for Tissue Regeneration: State of the Art, Developing Directions and Prospect Trends.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microparticles, aimed for oral protein and peptide drug delivery, were prepared via emulsion cross-linking using citric acid as cross-linker and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as surfactant. A comparative study of the interaction between chitosan and citric acid and its effect on the resulting microparticle properties was performed using different chitosan-to-cross-linker mass ratios and pH-values during fabrication of the microparticles. Non-cross-linked and cross-linked microparticles were studied in terms of size (4-12 μm), zeta potential (-15.7 to 12.8 mV), erosion (39.7-75.6%), a model protein encapsulation efficiency (bovine serum albumin) (6.8-27.6%), and loading capacity (10.4-40%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the ionic interaction between the protonated amine groups of chitosan and the carboxylate ions of the cross-linking agent. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the non-cross-linked microparticles had an uneven shape with wrinkled surfaces, while the cross-linked formulations were spherical in shape with smooth surfaces. On the basis of these data, the role of the surfactant and microparticle structure on the release mechanism was proposed. Control of the microparticle shape and release mechanisms is expected to be crucial in developing carriers for the controlled delivery of proteins and peptides.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.