Observational studyJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology2020
Prognostic value of interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19.
Observational study in Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04507867 (Effect of a Nutritional Support System to Reduce Complications in Patients With Covid-19 and Comorbidities in Stage III), which is not on this map. Cited by 593 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of a Nutritional Support System to Reduce Complications in Patients With Covid-19 and Comorbidities in Stage III
Who cites it
593 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,186 citations in OpenAlex.
- S100 Protein and Interleukin Biomarkers Among COVID-19 Subjects With and Without Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Pooled it
- The role of vitamin D in outcomes of critical care in COVID-19 patients: evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis of interventional and observational studies.Public health nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Comprehensive proteomics and meta-analysis of COVID-19 host response.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Correlation between C-reactive protein and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- Identification of Parameters Representative of Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Severe and Fatal COVID-19 Infection: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Biomarkers in long COVID-19: A systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Genetics of COVID-19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on serum level of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Cellular immunotherapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome: Results of the CIRCA-19 phase 1 safety and phase 2 randomized controlled trials.Stem cell reports · 2026Trial
- A Plant-Based Dietary Supplement Exhibits Significant Effects on Markers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Immune Response in Subjects Recovering from Respiratory Viral Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Study Using Vitamin C as a Positive Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Can Biomarkers Correctly Predict Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Patients Treated With Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest? An Exploratory Study of the Multicenter Randomized Antibiotic (ANTHARTIC) Study.Critical care explorations · 2024Trial
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Post-Intensive Care Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- COVID-19 status and intensive care unit burden and mortality: a single-center retrospective cohort study comparing COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 admissions.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The effect of oral protein and carbohydrate solution administration on NLR, IL-6 and CRP levels in patients undergoing surgery.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2026Article
- Article
- Unbiased characterization of COVID-19 endotypes leads to prognostication of high-risk individuals using routine blood tests.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 in Infants: Clinical Patterns, Laboratory Findings, and Implications for Pediatric Care in Viral Outbreaks.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Predictors of Severe Outcomes in COVID-19: Evidence from Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Study (2020-2024).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Early enteral nutrition may reduce the incidence of refeeding syndrome for patients with severe corona virus disease 2019 and high nutritional risk.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
533 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe inflammatory response plays a critical role in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and inflammatory cytokine storm increases the severity of COVID-19.
objectiveTo investigate the ability of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) to predict mild and severe cases of COVID-19. STUDY
designThis retrospective cohort study included 140 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from January 18, 2020, to March 12, 2020. The study population was divided into two groups according to disease severity: a mild group (MG) (n = 107) and a severe group (SG) (n = 33). Data on demographic characteristics, baseline clinical characteristics, and the levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT on admission were collected.
resultsAmong the 140 patients, the levels of IL-6, CRP, and PCT increased in 95 (67.9 %), 91 (65.0 %), and 8 (5.7 %) patients on admission, respectively. The proportion of patients with increased IL-6, CRP, and PCT levels was significantly higher in the SG than in the MG. Cox proportional hazard model showed that IL-6 and CRP could be used as independent factors to predict the severity of COVID-19. Furthermore, patients with IL-6 > 32.1 pg/mL or CRP > 41.8 mg/L were more likely to have severe complications.
conclusionThe serum levels of IL-6 and CRP can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.