ArticlePloS one2020
Individual, household, and community level barriers to ART adherence among women in rural Eswatini.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the impact of self-management interventions on COPD outcomes in low- and middle-income countries in Asia: a systematic review.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Depression on the Pathways Between an Economic Strengthening Intervention and ART Adherence in Youths with HIV: Findings from a Moderated Mediation Model of the Suubi + Adherence Cluster-Randomized Study.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- A Structural Equation Model of the Impact of a Family-Based Economic Intervention on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Adolescents Living With HIV in Uganda.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2023Trial
- Cohort profile: CareConekta: a pilot study of a smartphone application to improve engagement in postpartum HIV care in South Africa.BMJ open · 2022Trial
- "The one who doesn't take ART medication has no wealth at all and no purpose on Earth" - a qualitative assessment of how HIV-positive adults in Uganda understand the health and wealth-related benefits of ART.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Factors influencing treatment default among patients initiated on antiretroviral at a district in the North West province of South Africa: A qualitative study.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Socio-Behavioural Barriers to Viral Suppression in the Older Adult Population in Rural South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Ageing with HIV: challenges and coping mechanisms of older adults 50 years and above living with HIV in Uganda.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Caregivers' experiences and practices for malnourished children undergoing tuberculosis treatment in Eswatini.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2024Article
- Beliefs affecting ART adherence in newly diagnosed HIV-positive participants in Manzini, Eswatini.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic and health systems determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in the Volta Region of Ghana: A multi-centre study.SAGE open medicine · 2024Article
- Enabling Adherence to Treatment (EAT): a pilot study of a combination intervention to improve HIV treatment outcomes among street-connected individuals in western Kenya.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of factors associated with medication adherence in western Kenya.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Governing Oneself Through HIV Diagnosis to Antiretrovirals.Qualitative health research · 2023Article
- Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Among Women Engaged in Commercial Sex Work in Southern Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Antiretroviral therapy abandonment among adolescents and young people with HIV/AIDS during COVID-19: A case-control study.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2023Article
- Experiences of Thai-Muslim patients regarding inconsistent antiretroviral therapy adherence: An exploratory descriptive qualitative study.Belitung nursing journal · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite access to free antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), noncompliance to treatment continues to be a significant challenge in Eswatini. Yet studies investigating barriers to ART adherence in Eswatini are scarce. Most notably, there is a lack of research regarding rural women in Eswatini, who are currently the country's most vulnerable to HIV infection. Therefore, the objective of the study is to investigate individual, household, and community level barriers to ART adherence among rural women living with HIV.
methodsWe conducted a qualitative study to investigate individual, household, and community level barriers to ART adherence. We conducted focus group discussions with HIV-infected women (n = 4) from rural villages in Eswatini, and in-depth interviews with healthcare workers (n = 8) serving the area clinics. Open and axial coding techniques were used for data analysis and interpreted within a social ecological framework.
resultsOur findings revealed several individual level barriers including hunger, side effects of ART, personal stress, lack of disclosure of HIV status, alcohol use, and forgetting to take ART. Lack of food, unemployment and scarcity of financial resources were identified as critical barriers at the household level. Community and institutional barriers encompassed factors related to health delivery such as lack of privacy, travel time, transportation costs, excessive alcohol use by healthcare workers, maltreatment, public and self-stigma, gossip, and long waits at clinics.
conclusionsRural women living with HIV face multilevel barriers to ART adherence. Support programs aimed at increasing ART adherence among this vulnerable population need to develop targeted polices to alleviate challenges rural women face, beginning with expanding qualifications for food assistance programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.