ArticleBMJ paediatrics open2020
Prevalence, risk factors and consequences of newborns born small for gestational age: a multisite study in Nepal.
Article in BMJ paediatrics open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Consensus Guideline on Small for Gestational Age: Etiology and Management From Infancy to Early Adulthood.Endocrine reviews · 2023Guideline
- Household polluting cooking fuels and adverse birth outcomes: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Demographic, socio-economic, obstetric, and behavioral factors associated with small-and large-for-gestational-age from a prospective, population-based pregnancy cohort in rural Nepal: a secondary data analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Trial
- From Preconception to Postnatal: Parental Risk Factors for Fetal-Infant Growth Faltering in LMICs-a Scoping Review (2020-2025).Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Review
- The effect of late-gestational anemia on maternal and neonatal outcomes in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with small for gestational age births among women delivering at a tertiary hospital in South-Western Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Implementation status of the free newborn care program in Gandaki Province, Nepal.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- An investigation into the impact of family integrated care on extrauterine growth restriction at discharge in very low birth weight infants: a multi-centre study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Newborn morbidities and care procedures at the special newborn care units of Gandaki Province, Nepal: a retrospective study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
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- Gestational Anemia and its effects on neonatal outcome, in the population of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Ambient temperature and stillbirth risks in northern Sweden, 1880-1950.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Hypertensive Disorders during Pregnancy (HDP), Maternal Characteristics, and Birth Outcomes among Japanese Women: A Hokkaido Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Prognostic factors associated with small for gestational age babies in a tertiary care hospital of Western Nepal: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo identify the prevalence, risk factors and health impacts associated with small for gestational age (SGA) births in Nepal.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 public hospitals in Nepal from 1 July 2017 to 29 August 2018. A total of 60 695 babies delivered in these hospitals during the study period were eligible for inclusion. Clinical information of mothers and newborns was collected by data collectors using a data retrieval form. A semistructured interview was conducted at the time of discharge to gather sociodemographic information from women who provided the consent (n=50 392). Babies weighing less than the 10th percentile for their gestational age were classified as SGA. Demographic, obstetric and neonatal characteristics of study participants were analysed for associations with SGA. The association between SGA and likelihood of babies requiring resuscitation or resulting in stillbirth and neonatal death was also explored.
resultsThe prevalence of SGA births across the 12 hospitals observed in Nepal was 11.9%. After multiple variable adjustment, several factors were found to be associated with SGA births, including whether mothers were illiterate compared with those completing secondary and higher education (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.73; 95% CI 1.09 to 2.76), use of polluted fuel compared with use of clean fuel for cooking (AOR=1.51; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.97), first antenatal care (ANC) visit occurring during the third trimester compared with first trimester (AOR=1.82; 95% CI 1.27 to 2.61) and multiple deliveries compared with single delivery (AOR=3.07; 95% CI 1.46 to 6.46). SGA was significantly associated with stillbirth (AOR=7.30; 95% CI 6.26 to 8.52) and neonatal mortality (AOR=5.34; 95% CI 4.65 to 6.12).
conclusionsLow literacy status of mothers, use of polluted fuel for cooking, time of first ANC visit and multiple deliveries are associated with SGA births. Interventions encouraging pregnant women to attend ANC visits early can reduce the burden of SGA births.
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