ReviewBurns & trauma2020
The role of macrophages in the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids.
Review in Burns & trauma, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as Therapeutic Approach in Hypertrophic Scar Formation-A Systematic Review.International wound journal · 2026Pooled it
- Exploratory Evaluation of Hydrogen-Rich Water Therapy for Keloid Management: A Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Trial.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Trial
- Stage-aligned electro-ionic biobattery hydrogel for enhanced wound closure and scar reduction.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Resveratrol Ameliorates Hypertrophic Scar Formation by Regulating ASIC3-Mediated Fibroblast-Macrophage Crosstalk: A Mechanistic Study.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Article
- The role of non-coding RNAs derived from macrophage exosomes in cardiovascular diseases.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Collagen promotes PD-L1 overexpression in fibroblasts through binding to CD44 and activating YAP1 signaling during keloid formation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Lipid droplet-mediated macrophage reprogramming drives fibroblast activation in keloid-associated inflammation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Research Advances in Therapeutic Strategies and Drug Delivery Systems for Pathological Scars.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Applications of Nanomaterials in Chronic Wound Healing and Scar Prevention.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Role of lactylation-induced macrophage failed phenotypic switching in sustaining inflammation of diabetic wounds.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Adipose-derived stem cell peptide 5 alleviates hypertrophic scarring through targeting pyruvate carboxylase or p50 to coordinate PI3K/AKT/mTOR-autophagy and NF-κB/IL-6 signaling.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
- Deciphering the cellular landscape of pathological scars.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in wound healing and scar formation: molecular regulation of macrophages, fibroblasts, and their crosstalk.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Endothelial system dysregulation underlies keloid development and therapeutic targeting.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Targeting macrophage polarization: mechanisms and potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells therapy in acne treatment- a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting macrophage function with botulinum toxin: a novel translational strategy for preventing and treating pathological scars.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2026Review
- Acupuncture accelerates wound healing via CGRP-RAMP1-TSP1-mediated macrophage M2 polarization.Chinese medicine · 2025Article
- Research progress on the role and mechanisms of ferroptosis in diabetic wound repair.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Molecular research: the effect of black fig (Ficus carica L.) leaf extract on inflammation in punch skin biopsy.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Paquinimod-hydrogel hybrid microneedle array patch alleviates hypertrophic scar via inhibiting M1 polarization.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that macrophages can orchestrate the microenvironment from the early stage of wound healing to the later stages of scar formation. However, few reviews have highlighted the significance of macrophages during the formation of abnormal scars. The purpose of this review was to outline the polarization of macrophages from early to late stage of pathological scar formation, focusing on spatiotemporal diversity of M1 and M2 macrophages. In this review, the role of macrophages in the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids is summarized in detail. First, an increased number of M2 cells observed before injuries are significantly associated with susceptibility to abnormal scar pathogenesis. Second, decreased expression of M1 at the early stage and delayed expression of M2 at the late stage results in pathological scar formation. Third, M2 cells are highly expressed at both the margin and the superficial region, which is consistent with the invasive property of keloids. Finally, this review helps to characterize strategies for the prediction and prevention of pathological scar formation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.