ReviewGene expression2020
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Cancer: Current Understanding on Mechanisms of Resistance and Biomarkers of Response to Treatment.
Review in Gene expression, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characteristics of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Hepatotoxicity Based on the Baseline Liver Function.Cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Evaluating the efficacy and immunological impact of combined ICIs and SBRT in HCC: A narrative literature review.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Review
- From anatomical to biological resectability: navigating adaptive resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma conversion.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer Metastasis: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Microbiome dysbiosis and immune checkpoint inhibitors: Dual targets in Hepatocellular carcinoma management.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Biological procedures online · 2025Review
- Inflammation and Immunity in Liver Neoplasms: Implications for Future Therapeutic Strategies.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2025Review
- Immune Cell Homing Hydrogels for Cancer Immunotherapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Antibody treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a review of current and emerging approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Role of immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations in resectable and unresectable, embolization-eligible hepatocellular carcinoma.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Review
- Advanced Technologies for Cancer Immunotherapy: Focus on Gastrointestinal Cancers.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- The Impact of Infections in Patients Treated with Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Combined Transarterial Chemoembolization and Systemic Therapy.Seminars in interventional radiology · 2024Review
- Understanding Gene Involvement in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Gene Therapy and Personalized Medicine.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Analysis of Somatic Mutations in the TCGA-LIHC Whole Exome Sequence to Identify the Neoantigen for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- SYVN1 ubiquitinates FoxO1 to induce β-catenin nuclear translocation, PD-L1-mediated metastasis, and immune evasion of hepatocellular carcinoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Immunotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma-a Large Tertiary Center Experience.Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract · 2023Article
- Perspective on the Role of Gut Microbiome in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors promising role in cancer therapy: clinical evidence and immune-related adverse events.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy worldwide and a leading cause of death worldwide. Its incidence continues to increase in the US due to hepatitis C infection and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver transplantation and resection remain the best therapeutic options for cure, but these are limited by the shortage of available organs for transplantation, diagnosis at advanced stage, and underlying chronic liver disease found in most patients with HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been shown to be an evolving novel treatment option in certain advanced solid tumors and have been recently approved for inoperable, advanced, and metastatic HCC. Unfortunately, a large cohort of patients with HCC fail to respond to immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the ICIs currently approved for HCC treatment and their various mechanisms of action. We will highlight current understanding of mechanism of resistance and limitations to ICIs. Finally, we will describe emerging biomarkers of response to ICIs and address future direction on overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.