Observational studyJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2020
Essential Long-Term Care Workers Commonly Hold Second Jobs and Double- or Triple-Duty Caregiving Roles.
Observational study in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of organisational characteristics of staff and facility on infectious disease outbreaks in care homes: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of a Serious Game (Escape COVID-19) on the Intention to Change COVID-19 Control Practices Among Employees of Long-term Care Facilities: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Trial
- Exploring Certified Nursing Assistants' Perceived Needs and Technology Access in Mental Health Self-Care Training: Findings From a Cross-Sectional Survey.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2026Article
- Resource Factors Associated With Avoidable Transfers in Nursing Homes.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2026Article
- Exacerbation of racial disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by Alzheimer's disease and related dementias among nursing home residents.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- How the pandemic shaped presenteeism trends between healthcare and non-healthcare workers using the Korean working conditions surveys (2010-2023).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Connectivity between long-term care homes and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Predictors of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization in group homes for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities.Disability and health journal · 2024Article
- Quality of Work Life and Mental Well-Being for Long-Term Care Staff in Nova Scotia.Healthcare policy = Politiques de sante · 2024Article
- Introducing the ethical cycle model for resolving ethical conflicts in medical practice: addressing challenges in treating pandemic patients.Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine · 2024Review
- Residential social vulnerability among healthcare personnel with and without severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Five US states, May-December 2020.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2024Article
- Experiences of UK and Irish family carers of people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination in healthcare personnel working at nonacute care facilities.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2023Article
- The role of identity in the experiences of dementia care workers from a minority ethnic background during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Article
- The CONFIDENT study protocol: a randomized controlled trial comparing two methods to increase long-term care worker confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Best practices to reduce COVID-19 in group homes for individuals with serious mental illness and intellectual and developmental disabilities: Protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Article
- Differences In Nursing Home Staff COVID-19 Testing Rates And Odds Of Vaccination Across Work Shifts.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2023Article
- Tiredness Takes Its Toll: An Integrative Review on Sleep and Occupational Outcomes for Long-Term Care Workers.Journal of gerontological nursing · 2023Review
- Full-Time Caregiving during COVID-19 based on Minority Identifications, Generation, and Vaccination Status.Research in the sociology of health care · 2023Article
- Racial Differences in the Dementia Caregiving Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesLong-term care (LTC) facilities are particularly dangerous places for the spread of COVID-19 given that they house vulnerable high-risk populations. Transmission-based precautions to protect residents, employees, and families alike must account for potential risks posed by LTC workers' second jobs and unpaid care work. This observational study describes the prevalence of their (1) second jobs, and (2) unpaid care work for dependent children and/or adult relatives (double- and triple-duty caregiving) overall and by occupational group (registered nurses [RNs], licensed practical nurses [LPNs], or certified nursing assistants [CNAs]).
designA descriptive secondary analysis of data collected as part of the final wave of the Work, Family and Health Study.
settingThirty nursing home facilities located throughout the northeastern United States.
participantsA subset of 958 essential facility-based LTC workers involved in direct patient care. MEASUREMENTS: We present information on LTC workers' demographic characteristics, health, features of their LTC occupation, additional paid work, wages, and double- or triple-duty caregiving roles.
resultsMost LTC workers were CNAs, followed by LPNs and RNs. Overall, more than 70% of these workers agreed or strongly agreed with this statement: "When you are sick, you still feel obligated to come into work." One-sixth had a second job, where they worked an average of 20 hours per week, and more than 60% held double- or triple-duty caregiving roles. Additional paid work and unpaid care work characteristics did not significantly differ by occupational group, although the prevalence of second jobs was highest and accompanying work hours were longest among CNAs.
conclusionLTC workers commonly hold second jobs along with double- and triple-duty caregiving roles. To slow the spread of COVID-19, both the paid and unpaid activities of these employees warrant consideration in the identification of appropriate clinical, policy, and informal supports. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1657-1660, 2020.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.