SynthesisBMC oral health2020
Do probiotics promote oral health during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances? A systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Applications of Probiotics in Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics-A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of probiotics on the oral health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of orthodontics · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review on the effectiveness of organic unprocessed products in controlling gingivitis in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2021Pooled it
- Role of Probiotics in Oral Health Maintenance Among Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Therapy: a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of oral probiotics on oral health and halitosis in orthodontic patients treated with aligners or conventional fixed appliances vs placebo: two randomized clinical trials.European journal of orthodontics · 2026Trial
- Probiotics Partly Suppress the Impact of Sugar Stress on the Oral Microbiota-A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Evaluation of the Impact of Probiotic Supplementation on Gingival Inflammation in Subjects Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with Fixed Appliances or Clear Aligners: A Randomized, Single-Blind Pilot Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Is Antibiotic Prophylaxis Needed for the Extraction of Premolars for Orthodontic Purposes?Cureus · 2024Article
- The role ofJournal of oral microbiology · 2024Review
- Periodontal Management in Periodontally Healthy Orthodontic Patients with Fixed Appliances: An Umbrella Review of Self-Care Instructions and Evidence-Based Recommendations.Dentistry journal · 2023Review
- Probiotics in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Management: Biofilm Control, Dysbiosis Reversal, and Host Modulation.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- The Effect of Probiotics Use on Salivary Cariogenic Bacteria in Orthodontic Patients with Various Caries Risk Status.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Short- term effect of probioticJournal of oral microbiology · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of the Lorodent Probiotic Lozenge in Reducing Plaque andFrontiers in oral health · 2022Article
- Physical/Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Orthodontic Adhesives Containing Calcium Phosphate and Nisin.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2021Article
- Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Xylitol Chewing Gums, and Probiotic Yogurt on Periodontal Parameters: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Frontiers in dentistry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTreatment with fixed orthodontic appliances has been associated with significant biofilm accumulation, thus putting patients at a higher risk of oral health deterioration. The use of probiotics has been proposed to be useful in the prevention or treatment of oral pathologies such as caries and diseases of periodontal tissues. Our aim was to investigate the effects of probiotic use on inflammation of the gingival tissues and the decalcification of the enamel in patients being treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.
methodsWe searched without restrictions 8 databases and performed hand searching until September 2019. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating whether individuals with fixed orthodontic appliances benefit from probiotic treatment in terms of the inflammation of the gingivae and decalcification of the enamel. Following the selection of studies and the extraction of pertinent data, we appraised the risk of bias and the confidence in the observed effects based on established methodologies.
resultsFrom the final qualifying studies, three did not show any statistically significant effect on gingival inflammation after probiotic administration of up to 1 month. Similarly, non-significant differences were noted in another study regarding white spot lesions development (mean administration for 17 months). No adverse effects were reported and the level of evidence was considered moderate.
conclusionsSupplementation of orthodontic patients with probiotics did not affect the development of inflammation in the gingivae and decalcification in the enamel. Additional RCTs, with longer intervention and follow-up periods, and involving different combinations of probiotic strains are required.
trial registrationPROSPERO (CRD42018118008).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.