ReviewRedox biology2020
Xanthine oxidase-lactoperoxidase system and innate immunity: Biochemical actions and physiological roles.
Review in Redox biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomic insights into goat milk serum proteins at varying altitudes in China.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Premature Neuroimmune and Redox-Inflammatory Breakdown at the Prodromal Stage in Male and Female Triple-Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mice.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ameliorating Acute Kidney Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion by Targeting Purine Metabolism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nutritional Quality Fingerprinting of Wild and FarmedBiology · 2025Article
- A Framework for Evaluation of New Processing Technologies in Human Milk Banking.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Review
- Late-stage labeling of diverse peptides and proteins with iodine-125.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
- The Role of Whey in Functional Microorganism Growth and Metabolite Generation: A Biotechnological Perspective.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydrogen Peroxide: A Ubiquitous Component of Beverages and Food.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Human milk whey proteins: Constituents, influencing factors, detection methods, and comparative analysis with other sources.Food chemistry: X · 2025Review
- Breast milk-saliva interactions in shaping early mucosal immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Targeting LiverPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Label-free-based proteomic analysis reveals differential whey proteins of porcine milk during lactation.Food chemistry: X · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial Properties of Colostrum and Milk.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Xanthine Oxidoreductase in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction: An Update.Current hypertension reviews · 2024Review
- The relationship of redox signaling with the risk for atherosclerosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Effects of Saline-Alkaline Stress on Metabolome, Biochemical Parameters, and Histopathology in the Kidney of Crucian Carp (Metabolites · 2023Article
- Effects of Drying Methods on Serum Protein Powder Properties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comments on the Discussion Forum: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase Protects against Sepsis-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Ameliorating Renal Hypoxia.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The innate immune system in mammals is the first-line defense that plays an important protective role against a wide spectrum of pathogens, especially during early life before the adaptive immune system develops. The enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and lactoperoxidase (LPO) are widely distributed in mammalian tissues and secretions, and have a variety of biological functions including in innate immunity, provoking much interest for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The enzymes are characterized by their generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including hydrogen peroxide, hypothiocyanite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite. XO is a major generator of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide that subsequently trigger a cascade of oxidative radical pathways, including those produced by LPO, which have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against pathogens including opportunistic bacteria. In addition to their role in host microbial defense, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play important physiological roles as second messenger cell signaling molecules, including cellular proliferation, differentiation and gene expression. There are several indications that the reactive species generated by peroxide have positive effects on human health, particularly in neonates; however, some important in vivo aspects of this system remain obscure. The primary dependence of the system on hydrogen peroxide has led us to propose it is particularly relevant to neonate mammals during milk feeding.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.