ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2021
Multiparous Black and Latinx Women Face More Barriers to Prenatal Care than White Women.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers to timely and adequate antenatal care: a systematic review of socioeconomic, cultural, psychosocial, and health-system factors across high and low resource settings.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Pooled it
- Spatial-Structural Disparities in Acute Care Accessibility Among Latin American Immigrants and Spanish Speakers in the Rural US South.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Perinatal Care Access and Utilization among Black Multiparous Women in the United States: A Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- Racial disparities in the prevalence and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes among women with normal body mass index.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Observational
- Transportation Barriers to Prenatal Care Among Black/African Americans: A Scoping Review.Public health challenges · 2025Review
- Partner-inclusive prenatal intervention to promote parenting readiness: Results from a pilot trial.Infant mental health journal · 2025Article
- The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between eHealth literacy and childbirth readiness among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Black women and the preemie prep for parents (P3) program: Exploratory analysis of a clinical trial.PEC innovation · 2024Article
- The Racial Disparities in Maternal Mortality and Impact of Structural Racism and Implicit Racial Bias on Pregnant Black Women: A Review of the Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Review
- Healthcare Experiences of African American Women with the Fragile X Premutation.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- Evaluating Prenatal Care Compliance and Barriers to Prenatal Care Among Pregnant Individuals in Forsyth County, North Carolina.North Carolina medical journal · 2024Article
- Impact of Race/Ethnicity and Insurance Status on Obstetric Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of the NuMoM2b Study.American journal of perinatology · 2024Article
- Disparities by Race in Pregnancy Care and Clinical Outcomes in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: A Diverse Multicenter CohortNeurology · 2024Article
- Child Care as a Barrier to Perinatal Health Care in Illinois.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- Attitudes Toward Pregnancy and Their Impact on Timing of Prenatal Care Initiation after Prior Spontaneous Preterm Delivery: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- The Biopsychosocial Model and Perinatal Health Care: Determinants of Perinatal Care in a Community Sample.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Revisiting the Neuropathology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWomen who are late to prenatal care miss opportunities for health interventions and are at increased risk for pregnancy-related complications. Black women have the lowest rates of first trimester care compared with White or Latinx women. We sought to describe barriers to prenatal care experienced by race/ethnicity in a multi-site, prospective cohort. STUDY
designWe performed a secondary analysis of the Community Child Health Research Network Study, a multi-site prospective cohort study of pregnant women from 2008 to 2012. Women were recruited at the time of delivery and followed prospectively for 2 years. Participants who experienced a repeat pregnancy in the 2-year follow-up period had a prospective assessment of prenatal care barriers. A multilevel mixed effects Poisson regression was performed to evaluate the association between race/ethnicity and number of prenatal barriers.
resultsOf the 298 participants in the sample, 43% of Black, 35% of Latinx, and 23% of White participants reported barriers to prenatal care. After adjustment for confounders, Black and Latinx women reported almost twice as many barriers to prenatal care as White women (adjusted rate ratio 1.89 [1.2, 3.0]; 2.00 [1.1, 3.8], respectively).
conclusionIn our analysis, multiparous Black and Latinx women reported encountering more barriers to prenatal care than White women. Additional reforms and policy change are needed at the clinic, local, and state levels to support women in accessing early quality prenatal care to achieve racial equity in prenatal care.
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Registered trials
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