ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2020
Peri-tumor administration of controlled release anti-CTLA-4 synergizes with systemic anti-PD-1 to induce systemic antitumor immunity while sparing autoimmune toxicity.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translating a Preclinical Hydrogel Platform into a Human Therapeutic for Delivering Targeted Low-Dose Anti-CTLA-4.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporally controlled delivery of biomacromolecules via injectable hydrogels for precision modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Hydrogels in the Immune Context: In Vivo Applications for Modulating Immune Responses in Cancer Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Flavonoids in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via Immunomodulation: Progress to Date.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Tumor Immunotherapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Tumor-draining lymph nodes: opportunities, challenges, and future directions in colorectal cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Hyaluronidase Enhances Targeting of Hydrogel-Encapsulated Anti-CTLA-4 to Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes and Improves Anti-Tumor Efficacy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Injectable Hydrogel as a Unique Platform for Antitumor Therapy Targeting Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Combination immunotherapy targeting the PD-1 and CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor pathways provides substantial clinical benefit in patients with advanced-stage cancer but at the risk of dose-limiting inflammatory and autoimmune toxicity. The delicate balance that exists between unleashing tumor killing and promoting systemic autoimmune toxicity represents a major clinical challenge. We hypothesized that targeting anti-CTLA-4 so that it perfuses tumor-draining lymph nodes would provide a significant therapeutic advantage and developed an injectable hydrogel with controlled antibody release characteristics for this purpose. Injection of hydrogel-encapsulated anti-CTLA-4 at a peri-tumor location (MC-38 tumor model) produced dose-dependent antitumor responses and survival that exceeded those by anti-CTLA-4 alone (p < 0.05). Responses to 100 µg of targeted anti-CTLA-4 also equaled or exceeded those observed with a series of systemic injections delivering 600 µg (p < 0.05). While preserving antitumor activity, this approach resulted in serum anti-CTLA-4 exposure (area under the curve) that averaged only 1/16th of that measured with systemic therapy. Consistent with the marked differences in systemic exposure, systemic anti-CTLA-4 stimulated the onset of autoimmune thyroiditis in iodide-exposed NOD.H-2
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.