ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2020
The Relative Economy and Drug Overdose Deaths.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Social and economic determinants of drug overdose deaths: a systematic review of spatial relationships.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- "We adjusted for race": now what? A systematic review of utilization and reporting of race in American Journal of Epidemiology and Epidemiology, 2020-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Causal effect estimates of online e-cigarette marketing exposure on future e-cigarette harm perception and use.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- The impact of cash and near-cash social policies on substance use outcomes: a scoping review.Health affairs scholar · 2026Review
- Understanding the rise in drug mortality rates among black Americans in the 2010s: Associations with county-level construction job shares in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Spatial analysis of county-level determinants of overdose mortality in the United States using spatial machine learning.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic inequality in homelessness and drug overdose deaths in US States.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- County-level industrial composition of the labor force and drug overdose mortality rates in the United States in 2018-2021.American journal of industrial medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Interrupted time series analysis of drug overdose fatalities in service-related industries versus non-service-related industries during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2018-2021.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2023Article
- Understanding the differential effect of local socio-economic conditions on the relation between prescription opioid supply and drug overdose deaths in US counties.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- The Future of the United States Overdose Crisis: Challenges and Opportunities.The Milbank quarterly · 2023Article
- Novel GluN2B-Selective NMDA Receptor Negative Allosteric Modulator Possesses Intrinsic Analgesic Properties and Enhances Analgesia of Morphine in a Rodent Tail Flick Pain Model.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Opioid overdose decedent characteristics during COVID-19.Annals of medicine · 2022Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on temporal patterns of mental health and substance abuse related mortality in Michigan: An interrupted time series analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Economic Challenges and Behavioral and Mental Health Risks for Overdose during the COVID-19 Pandemic among People Who Inject Drugs.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Identifying Predictors of Opioid Overdose Death at a Neighborhood Level With Machine Learning.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Monthly Trends in Drug Overdose Mortality among Youth Aged 15-34 Years in the United States, 2018-2021: Measuring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.International journal of MCH and AIDS · 2022Article
- Navigating post-eviction drug use amidst a changing drug supply: A spatially-oriented qualitative study of overlapping housing and overdose crises in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- A Critical Review of the Social and Behavioral Contributions to the Overdose Epidemic.Annual review of public health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOverdose deaths increased exponentially in the United States to be the leading cause of adult injury deaths, and declining economic opportunity may contribute. To our knowledge, there has been no quantitative research into the impact of relative economic measures on overdose risk. Prior longitudinal studies on impact of socioeconomic conditions used fixed effects approaches that can result in biased estimates in the presence of time-varying confounders.
methodsWe estimated county-level longitudinal associations between drug overdose deaths and unemployment and labor-force nonparticipation rates by gender and racial/ethnic subgroup using longitudinal g-computation and the clustered bootstrap.
resultsWe find evidence for associations between both overall and relative aspects of unemployment and labor-force nonparticipation and drug overdose mortality; patterns of associations differed, sometime qualitatively, across subgroups. For males across racial-ethnic groups, greater overall and relative unemployment rates were generally associated with greater overdose mortality in both the short and long terms [e.g., for white males, increasing the overall percentage of unemployed adults by 5% points in 2000, 2009, and 2015 is associated with an increase of 3.2 overdose deaths (95% confidence interval [CI] = -2.8, 14) in 2015, and increasing the ratio by 0.5 in 2000, 2009, and 2015 is associated with an increase of 9.1 overdose deaths (95% CI = 1.6, 24)].
conclusionsThese findings point to important complexity in how the economic and contextual landscape differentially shapes overdose risks, underscoring a need for increased understanding of the mechanisms operating for women and minority groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.