ReviewToxins2020
Treatment of Blepharospasm and Oromandibular Dystonia with Botulinum Toxins.
Review in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reviving Hope: Overcoming Deep Brain Stimulation Failure With Partial Cranial Nerve Radiofrequency Ablation in Primary Meige Syndrome.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Unraveling Botulinum Neurotoxin A Light-Chain-Induced Signaling Pathways: A Phosphoproteomic Analysis in a Controlled Cellular Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of onabotulinum toxin type-A injection techniques in older adults with blepharospasm: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Ultrasound-Guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections into the Masseter Muscle for Both Medical and Aesthetic Purposes.Toxins · 2024Review
- Article
- Association analyses between the variants ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Aesthetic Rehabilitation Medicine: Enhancing Wellbeing beyond Functional Recovery.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Effects of onabotulinum toxin type A injections in patients with Meige's syndrome.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in primary Meige syndrome: motor and non-motor outcomes.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal Gait Differences before and after Botulinum Toxin in People with Focal Dystonia: A Pilot Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Clinical Application of Botulinum Toxin for Hemifacial Spasm.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dystonias: Clinical Recognition and the Role of Additional Diagnostic Testing.Seminars in neurology · 2023Article
- A description of ophthalmic management of late recovered facial paralysis with patient-tailored procedures: a case report.International journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The pathogenesis of blepharospasm.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Ultrasound-Guided OnabotulinumtoxinA Injections to Treat Oromandibular Dystonia in Cerebral Palsy.Toxins · 2022Article
- Patient selection and injection techniques for botulinum neurotoxin in oromandibular dystonia.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2022Review
- CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of the extracranial cranial nerve for the treatment of Meige's syndrome.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulation Is Effective in Alleviating Craniocervical Dystonia.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- Patient Knowledge, Attitude and Perceptions towards Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Movement Disorders in India.Journal of movement disorders · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are focal dystonias characterized by involuntary and often patterned, repetitive muscle contractions. There is a long history of medical and surgical therapies, with the current first-line therapy, botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), becoming standard of care in 1989. This comprehensive review utilized MEDLINE and PubMed and provides an overview of the history of these focal dystonias, BoNT, and the use of toxin to treat them. We present the levels of clinical evidence for each toxin for both, focal dystonias and offer guidance for muscle and site selection as well as dosing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.