ArticleCancers2020
Primary Resistance to PD-1-Based Immunotherapy-A Study in 319 Patients with Stage IV Melanoma.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic literature review of real-world evidence on overall survival in cancer patients before and after the approval of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Advances in Therapeutic Melanoma Vaccines (2010-2025).Vaccines · 2026Review
- Cellular immunotherapy in melanoma: the next frontier in cancer treatment.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- Transarterial Infusion of Pembrolizumab Plus TACE for Liver Metastases of Melanoma.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- The role of immune checkpoints in modulating cancer stem cells anti-tumor immune responses: implications and perspectives in cancer therapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Long-Term Outcomes and Toxicities in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy Containing Regimens.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Article
- LASSO-Driven Selection of Biochemical and Clinical Markers for Primary Resistance to PD-1 Inhibitors in Metastatic Melanoma.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Investigation into the efficiency and prognostic elements of CT-guided ¹²⁵I particle implantation for liver cancer.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2025Article
- Dual role of interferon-gamma in the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Safety and efficacy of combined treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and oncolytic adenovirus TILT-123 in metastatic melanoma.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma and Strategies to Overcome It.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Advances in mechanisms and challenges in clinical translation of synergistic nanomaterial-based therapies for melanoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Article
- Immune Regulation and Immune Therapy in Melanoma: Review with Emphasis on CD155 Signalling.Cancers · 2024Review
- The Antimalarial Drug Artesunate Mediates Selective Cytotoxicity by Upregulating HO-1 in Melanoma Cells.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Addressing resistance to PD-1/PD-(L)1 pathway inhibition: considerations for combinatorial clinical trial designs.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Features and Long-Term Outcomes of Stage IV Melanoma Patients Achieving Complete Response Under Anti-PD-1-Based Immunotherapy.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2023Article
- Article
- Primary tumour category, site of metastasis, and baseline serum S100B and LDH are independent prognostic factors for survival in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrimary resistance to immunotherapy can be observed in approximately 40-65% of the stage IV melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. A minority of the patients receive a second-line therapy, and the clinical benefit is small. PATIENTS AND
methodsStage IV melanoma patients treated with first-line PD-1-based immunotherapy between January 2015 and December 2018 were investigated. Primary resistance was defined as progressive disease (PD) at the time of the first tumor assessment after starting immunotherapy. Patients with complete response, partial response, and stable disease were classified as having disease control (DC). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier estimator. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors associated with OS.
resultsThree hundred and nineteen patients were included, and 40% had primary resistance to immunotherapy. The median follow-up time was 22 months. Patients with primary resistance had 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates of 41%, 15%, and 10%, respectively, compared to 91%, 81%, and 65% for the patients who achieved DC. The following independently significant prognostic factors for OS were identified: protein S100B level and primary tumor localization. There was a statistically significant difference for OS (
conclusionsMelanoma patients with primary resistance to immunotherapy have a dismal prognosis. Response at the first tumor assessment after starting immunotherapy is a stronger prognostic factor for the further course of the disease than pretreatment risk factors.
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