ArticlePsychological medicine2021
Jumping to conclusions, general intelligence, and psychosis liability: findings from the multi-centre EU-GEI case-control study.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Problems in measuring the JTC-bias in patients with psychotic disorders with the fish task: a secondary analysis of a baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Jumping to Conclusions in First-Episode Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Examining clinical relevance of interpretation inflexibility in social contexts.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Jumping to conclusions and social behavior in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Jumping to conclusions bias in early psychosis: Relationships with symptom dimensions, neurocognition and social cognition.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Causal Discovery Analysis Reveals Insights into Psychosis Proneness, Brain Function, and Environmental Factors among Young Individuals.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Jumping to Conclusions and Facial Emotion Recognition in First-Episode Psychosis: Longitudinal Insights from the Gap Follow-Up Study.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a brief online multi-index assessment for predicting increased psychotic-like experiences in the community: A perceptual, cognitive and affective approach.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Article
- Social identification and paranoia.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- The association between reasons for first using cannabis, later pattern of use, and risk of first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI case-control study.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Is cognition integral to psychopathology? A population-based cohort study.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Can you trust this source? Advice taking in borderline personality disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- The effects of base rate neglect on sequential belief updating and real-world beliefs.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Jumping to Conclusions and Its Associations With Psychotic Experiences in Preadolescent Children at Familial High Risk of Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder-The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, VIA 11.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- Heterogeneity in Response to MCT and Psychoeducation: A Feasibility Study Using Latent Class Mixed Models in First-Episode Psychosis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2022Article
- Facial Emotion Recognition in Psychosis and Associations With Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia: Findings From the Multi-Center EU-GEI Case-Control Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Article
- A Computational Analysis of Abnormal Belief Updating Processes and Their Association With Psychotic Experiences and Childhood Trauma in a UK Birth Cohort.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Article
- A replication study of JTC bias, genetic liability for psychosis and delusional ideation.Psychological medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
40 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe 'jumping to conclusions' (JTC) bias is associated with both psychosis and general cognition but their relationship is unclear. In this study, we set out to clarify the relationship between the JTC bias, IQ, psychosis and polygenic liability to schizophrenia and IQ.
methodsA total of 817 first episode psychosis patients and 1294 population-based controls completed assessments of general intelligence (IQ), and JTC, and provided blood or saliva samples from which we extracted DNA and computed polygenic risk scores for IQ and schizophrenia.
resultsThe estimated proportion of the total effect of case/control differences on JTC mediated by IQ was 79%. Schizophrenia polygenic risk score was non-significantly associated with a higher number of beads drawn (B = 0.47, 95% CI -0.21 to 1.16, p = 0.17); whereas IQ PRS (B = 0.51, 95% CI 0.25-0.76, p < 0.001) significantly predicted the number of beads drawn, and was thus associated with reduced JTC bias. The JTC was more strongly associated with the higher level of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in controls, including after controlling for IQ (B = -1.7, 95% CI -2.8 to -0.5, p = 0.006), but did not relate to delusions in patients.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that the JTC reasoning bias in psychosis might not be a specific cognitive deficit but rather a manifestation or consequence, of general cognitive impairment. Whereas, in the general population, the JTC bias is related to PLEs, independent of IQ. The work has the potential to inform interventions targeting cognitive biases in early psychosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.