ArticleBMC public health2019
The cost of influenza-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in Kenya.
Article in BMC public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Costs of Influenza Illness and Acute Respiratory Infections by Household Income Level: Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Implications for Health Equity.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Costs and cost-effectiveness of influenza illness and vaccination in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review from 2012 to 2022.PLoS medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- The cost of care for children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated lower respiratory infection in Kenya.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Potential health and economic impact of paediatric vaccination using next-generation influenza vaccines in Kenya: a modelling study.BMC medicine · 2023Article
- Healthcare-seeking behavior for respiratory illnesses in Kenya: implications for burden of disease estimation.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Economic issues of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections for influenza in Mexican children attended in a tertiary public hospital.PloS one · 2022Article
- Economic costs of severe seasonal influenza in Colombia, 2017-2019: A multi-center analysis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Article
- Seasonal influenza vaccination in Kenya: an economic evaluation using dynamic transmission modelling.BMC medicine · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe estimated the cost-per-episode and the annual economic burden associated with influenza in Kenya.
methodsFrom July 2013-August 2014, we recruited patients with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) or influenza-like illness (ILI) associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza from 5 health facilities. A structured questionnaire was used to collect direct costs (medications, laboratory investigations, hospital bed fees, hospital management costs, transportation) and indirect costs (productivity losses) associated with an episode of influenza. We used published incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza associated with SARI and ILI, and the national population census data from 2014, to estimate the annual national number of influenza-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits and calculated the annual economic burden by multiplying cases by the mean cost.
resultsWe enrolled 275 patients (105 inpatients and 170 outpatients). The mean cost-per-episode of influenza was US$117.86 (standard deviation [SD], 88.04) among inpatients; US$114.25 (SD, 90.03) for children < 5 years, and US$137.45 (SD, 76.24) for persons aged ≥5 years. Among outpatients, the mean cost-per-episode of influenza was US$19.82 (SD, 27.29); US$21.49 (SD, 31.42) for children < 5 years, and US$16.79 (SD, 17.30) for persons aged ≥5 years. National annual influenza-associated cost estimates ranged from US$2.96-5.37 million for inpatients and US$5.96-26.35 million for outpatients.
conclusionsOur findings highlight influenza as causing substantial economic burden in Kenya. Further studies may be warranted to assess the potential benefit of targeted influenza vaccination strategies.
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