ArticleBMC pediatrics2020
Small for gestational age is a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction in preterm newborns.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Consensus Guideline on Small for Gestational Age: Etiology and Management From Infancy to Early Adulthood.Endocrine reviews · 2023Guideline
- Exploring reference ranges for thyroid-stimulating hormone in neonatal screening tests for preterm infants: a 5-year retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- From Tradition to Future: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Research Progress in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism with Traditional Chinese Medicine--A Narrative Review.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Review
- Lack of difference in thyroid hormone profile between offspring conceived naturally and through ART.Human reproduction open · 2026Article
- Thyroid Hormones in Early Pregnancy and Birth Weight: A Retrospective Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Fetal Growth Restriction and Its Metabolism-Related Long-Term Outcomes-Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Thyroid function tests in healthy kittens aged between 2 and 16 weeks.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Early Growth Hormone Initiation Leads to Favorable Long-Term Growth Outcomes in Children Born Small for Gestational Age.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Development of delayed thyroid stimulating hormone elevation in small-for-gestational-age infants: is a second screening needed?Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Article
- Analysis of Risk Factors and Screening Results of Neonatal Congenital Hypothyroidism in a Tertiary Care Center of Southern China.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Article
- Hypothyroidism.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- Utility of Repeat Testing for Congenital Hypothyroidism in Infants with Very Low Birth Weight.The Journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- The prevalence of hypothyroxinemia in premature newborns.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity and its risk factors in an extramural neonatal intensive care unit.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- The factors associated with transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in neonates receiving parenteral nutrition in the intensive care unit.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThyroid hormones play an important role in the normal growth and maturation of the central nervous system. However, few publications addressed the altered thyroid hormone levels in preterm small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. We hypothesized preterm SGA infants have higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations than appropriate for gestational age (AGA) ones within the normal range and an increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction.
methodsThe study was designed to compare thyroid hormone levels within the normal range and the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the SGA and AGA groups to test the hypothesis. The medical records of all preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China, between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018, were reviewed. Blood samples were collected between 72 and 96 h of life and analyzed with TSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) assays. Thyroid function test (TFT) results, and neonatal demographic and clinical factors were analyzed to identify the associations between SGA birth and altered thyroid concentrations and thyroid dysfunction.
resultsTSH and FT4 concentrations were significantly higher in the SGA group than the AGA group ((3.74(interquartile range (IQR):2.28 ~ 6.18) vs. 3.01(IQR: 1.81 ~ 5.41) mU/L, p = 0.018), and (17.76 ± 3.94 vs. 17.42 ± 3.71 pmol/L, p = 0.371), respectively). The higher TSH levels were associated with being SGA or Z-score of birth weight (BW) for GA after adjusting for potential confounders ((β
conclusionsPreterm SGA newborns had significantly higher TSH concentrations within the normal range and an increased incidence of thyroid dysfunction. The SGA newborns with these features should be closely followed up with periodical TFTs and endocrinologic evaluation.
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