ReviewViral immunology2020
B Cell Activation and Response Regulation During Viral Infections.
Review in Viral immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tissue-Resident and Effector-Memory Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Ocular Mucosa Requires CCL28/CCR10 Signaling During Recurrent HSV-1 Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- [Overexpressing NDUFA13 and CRIP1 improves B cell injury and lung Lesions in COPD mouse models].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Serum Interleukin-6 as an Inflammatory Biomarker Associated with HBV Viral Load in HBsAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Research advances in chikungunya virus: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Messenger RNA Vaccines.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Leading to Pneumonia Pathogenesis.Clinics in chest medicine · 2026Review
- Preexisting IgG forms immune complexes and links local thermal reactogenicity with immunogenicity in influenza vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Adapting flow cytometry for studying immune cell seasonality in wild migratory bats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- B-cells in breast cancer: current insights and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The Type I Interferon Axis in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases: From Molecular Pathways to Targeted Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Notch2 signaling instructs viral and bacterial TLR responsiveness in B cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Humoral Immunity Dysregulation in Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) Infection: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induced humoral & cell-mediated immune responses in Indian cohort of rheumatoid arthritis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Immunoinformatics study of CD40 ligand-targeting vaccine constructs: a novel immunotherapeutic approach.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Dominant and cross-reactive S1-specific memory B cell response induced by primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Contradictory Mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B virus infection activation.Heliyon · 2025Review
- The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Pediatric Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Effects of enzymes originating fromFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Recent Advances of Type I Interferon on the Regulation of Immune Cells and the Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute viral infections are characterized by rapid increases in viral load, leading to cellular damage and the resulting induction of complex innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses that cause local and systemic inflammation. Successful antiviral immunity requires the activation of many immune cells, including T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. B cells play a unique part through their production of antibodies that can both neutralize and clear viral particles before virus entry into a cell. Protective antibodies are produced even before the first exposure of a pathogen, through the regulated secretion of so-called natural antibodies that are generated even in the complete absence of prior microbial exposure. An early wave of rapidly secreted antibodies from extrafollicular (EF) responses draws on the preexisting naive or memory repertoire of B cells to induce a strong protective response that in kinetics tightly follows the clearance of acute infections, such as with influenza virus. Finally, the generation of germinal centers (GCs) provides long-term protection through production of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells, which shape and broaden the B cell repertoire for more effective responses following repeat exposures. In this study, we review B cell responses to acute viral infections, primarily influenza virus, from the earliest nonspecific B-1 cell to early, antigen-specific EF responses and finally to GC responses. Throughout, we address known factors that lead to distinct B cell response outcomes and discuss how their functions effect viral clearance, highlighting the critical contributions of each response type to the induction of highly protective antiviral humoral immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.