SynthesisNutrients2020
Dietary Factors and Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Umbrella Review.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta Analysis of DHA and EPA Supplementation on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Atrial Fibrillation Risk.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Pooled it
- Mediterranean diet versus low-fat diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and outcomes: A systematic review of RCTs.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The effectiveness of the Mediterranean Diet for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: An umbrella review.Nutrition & dietetics : the journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Applications of Mobile Health Technologies to Address Cardiometabolic Health Disparities in the United States: A Systematic Review.Ethnicity & disease · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Markers in Adults: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Long-Term Consumption of 10 Food Groups and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Quality of Evidence of the Association of Foods and Nutrients With Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Effects of Chocolate and Wine-Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Biofortification of Vegetables with Iodine and Molybdenum for Healthy Nutrition: A Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of an Online Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Randomised Controlled Trial Targeting Addictive and Compulsive Overeating Among Australian Young Adults.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Trial
- Effects of the Chinese Heart-Healthy Diet (Sichuan Cuisine Version) on the 10-year CVD risk and vascular age: a randomised controlled feeding trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Ultra-processed Food Intake and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality among Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Analysis of the Alpha Omega Cohort.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Association between the food environment and the risk of ischemic stroke.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Associations of Meal Timing and Temporal Eating Patterns with Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Older Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Fetal Growth, Adult Lifestyle Patterns and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Article
- Black and White Mulberry Extracts: Phytochemical Profile andPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Asian Countries, 1990-2021.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Evaluating Trans-Fatty Acids Labelling in Packaged Foods Sold in Brazil Before and After National Policy Changes.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Unhealthy diet is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Therefore, this umbrella review aims to comprehensively review the effects of dietary factors, including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on CVD risks. Medline and Scopus databases were searched through March 2020. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses (SRMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational studies measuring the effects of dietary factors on CVD risks were eligible. Fifty-four SRMAs, including 35 SRMAs of observational studies, 10 SRMAs of RCTs, and 9 SRMAs of combined RCT and observational studies, were included for review. Findings from the SRMAs of RCTs suggest the significant benefit of Mediterranean and high-quality diets for lowering CVD risk, with pooled risk ratios (RRs) ranging from 0.55 (95%CI: 0.39-0.76) to 0.64 (95%CI: 0.53-0.79) and 0.70 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87), respectively. For food nutrients, two SRMAs of RCTs found that high intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) significantly reduced CVD risks, with pooled RRs ranging from 0.89 (95%CI: 0.82, 0.98) to 0.90 (95%CI: 0.85-0.96), while evidence of efficacy of n-6 PUFA and combined n-3 and n-6 PUFA were inconsistent. Moreover, results from the SRMAs of RCTs did not find a significant benefit of a low-salt diet and low total fat intake for CVD prevention. For food groups, results from the SRMAs of cohort studies suggest that high intakes of legumes, nuts, and chocolate, as well as a vegetarian diet significantly reduced the risk of coronary heart disease, with pooled RRs of 0.90 (95%CI: 0.84-0.97), 0.68 (95%CI: 0.59-0.78), 0.90 (95%CI: 0.82-0.97), and 0.71 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87), respectively. Healthy dietary patterns had a significant benefit for CVD prevention. With the substitutional and synergistic interactions between different food groups and nutrients, dietary recommendations for CVD prevention should be focused more on healthy dietary patterns than single food groups or nutrients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.