ReviewNutrients2020
Human Milk Feeding and Preterm Infants' Growth and Body Composition: A Literature Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Fortified Human Milk Compared with Unfortified Human Milk in Preterm Low Birth Weight Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of three mammalian milk-derived fortifiers on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of Maternal Diet on Any Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonates: A Randomized Double-Blind Study.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2022Trial
- Effect of Continuous Nutrition Management Intervention on Nutritional Status and Development of Premature Infants Based on Mobile Medical APP.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Trial
- Dynamic Remodeling of the Human Milk Serum Proteome Across Lactation: A Paired Two-Stage DIA Proteomic Study in Term and Preterm Mothers.Nutrients · 2026Article
- DXA-Derived Body Composition and Insulin Resistance at Preschool Age in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Preterm Infants: A Prospective Cohort Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Postnatal conditional growth and size and body composition at 24 months in moderate-and-late preterm children.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Association Between Early Breast Milk Feeding Proportion and Discharge Weight z-Score in Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early body composition outcomes of infants born very preterm and receiving high volume, human milk feedings (≥170 ml/kg/day) before postnatal day 14.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Observational
- Article
- Optimal weight gain to reduce obesity risk in preterm infants in a National cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Beneficial Effects and Factors Associated With Provision of Breast Milk at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge to Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Long-term breastfeeding outcomes in very preterm infants: predictors and challenges.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Improving the composition of donor milk using machine learning and optimisation techniques.PloS one · 2026Article
- Determinants of growth parameters at 12-month corrected age among very preterm infants in China: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Integrated follow-up of former extremely preterm infants: how to do it?European journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Associations of neonatal birth outcomes with amino acids and acylcarnitines: an observational study of over 3.3 million newborns in China.BMC medicine · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preterm infants may show a higher risk of adverse health outcomes, such as the development of metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. The most recent evidence highlights that nutrition, body composition development, and early postnatal growth may play a role in the programming of these processes. Human milk feeding has been recommended as the natural feeding for preterm infants and as a cost-effective strategy for reducing disease and economic burden. Considering that the postnatal growth retardation and aberrant body composition shown by preterm infants at the time of hospital discharge still remain important issues, we performed a literature review, aiming to provide an update about the effect of human milk feeding on these processes. On the basis of our findings, human milk feeding in preterm infants, although related to a slower weight gain than formula feeding, is associated with a better recovery of body composition through the promotion of fat-free mass deposition, which may ultimately lead to better metabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Promotion and support of human milk feeding should be considered a priority in preterm infants' care.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.