ArticleNutrients2020
Targeted Breast Milk Fortification for Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants: Nutritional Intake, Growth Outcome and Body Composition.
Article in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Standardised versus Individualised Fortification of Expressed Breastmilk for Preterm Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neonatology · 2026Pooled it
- Individualized Target Fortification of Breast Milk with Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fat for Preterm Infants: Effect on Neurodevelopment.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Impact of standardized fortified donor human milk on growth parameters and biomarkers in preterm very low birth weight infants: a single-center propensity score-matched analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Standardizing Neonatal Body Composition Assessment Using Air Displacement Plethysmography: Insights from the Bavarian Experience.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Body Composition in Preterm Infants: Current Insights and Emerging Perspectives.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Strategies for the Fortification of Human Milk in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Impact of Holder Pasteurization and Preanalytical Handling Techniques on Fat Concentration in Donor Human Milk: A Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- Narrative review of methodological advances in human milk fortification: for better preterm infant growth.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Effects of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) on Growth and Body Composition Compared to Constitutionally Small Infants.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Associations of Macronutrient Intake Determined by Point-of-Care Human Milk Analysis with Brain Development among very Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Protein Enrichment of Donor Breast Milk and Impact on Growth in Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Nutrients · 2021Observational
- Customized Human Milk Fortification Based on Measured Human Milk Composition to Improve the Quality of Growth in Very Preterm Infants: A Mixed-Cohort Study Protocol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Exploring Innovations in Human Milk Analysis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Survey of the United States.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite improvements in nutritional management, preterm infants continue to face high rates of postnatal growth restriction. Because variability in breast milk composition may result in protein and energy deficits, targeted fortification has been advocated. We conducted an interventional study to compare body composition and growth outcomes of very low birth weight infants fed targeted protein-fortified human milk (HM) with those fed standard fortified HM. If mother's own milk was not available, donor milk was used. Weekly analysis of HM with mid-infrared spectroscopy was conducted and additional protein was added to the fortified HM to ensure a protein intake of 4 g/kg/day. Weekly anthropometric measurements were done. Prior to discharge or at 37 weeks, corrected age skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements as well as body composition measurement using air displacement plethysmography were done. Among 36 preterm infants enrolled, those in the targeted group (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.