ArticleViruses2020
Human West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Infection: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Findings.
Article in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed.
- A distinct E dimer epitope underlies selective recognition by a protective human West Nile virus antibody.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence of West Nile virus among blood donors in mainland France, 2021 to 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Meteorological and land-use determinants of Culex pipiens s.l. spatio-temporal dynamics in Northern Italy.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- Molecular Differentiation of Intact West Nile Virus Using a PMAxx™-Enabled Digital PCR Workflow.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus: Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Study in Blood Donors in North Central Anatolia Amid Global Threats.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Donor-Derived West Nile Virus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients, France, 2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Increased incidence of human West Nile and Usutu infections in Austria, 2024: analysis of data from 2009 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Serum levels of neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein correlate with disease severity in patients with West Nile virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Interaction of West Nile virus NS5 with orthoflavivirus SLA RNAs and their effects on viral replication and inhibition.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Host-feeding preferences of Culex pipiens and its potential significance for flavivirus transmission in the Camargue, France.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
- The European Union One Health 2023 Zoonoses report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- In vitro and in vivo characterization of a novel West Nile virus lineage 2 strain.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- The European Union One Health 2022 Zoonoses Report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- A modified BG-Sentinel trap equipped with FTA card as a novel tool for mosquito-borne disease surveillance: a field test for flavivirus detection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance.Viruses · 2023Review
- Article
- The European Union One Health 2021 Zoonoses Report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- West Nile Virus Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study on Italian Medical Professionals during Summer Season 2022.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 is expanding and causing large outbreaks in Europe. In this study, we analyzed the epidemiological, clinical, and virological features of WNV lineage 2 infection during the large outbreak that occurred in northern Italy in 2018. The study population included 86 patients with neuroinvasive disease (WNND), 307 with fever (WNF), and 34 blood donors. Phylogenetic analysis of WNV full genome sequences from patients' samples showed that the virus belonged to the widespread central/southern European clade of WNV lineage 2 and was circulating in the area at least since 2014. The incidence of WNND and WNF progressively increased with age and was higher in males than in females. Among WNND patients, the case fatality rate was 22%. About 70% of blood donors reported symptoms during follow-up. Within the first week after symptom onset, WNV RNA was detectable in the blood or urine of 80% of patients, while 20% and 40% of WNND and WNF patients, respectively, were WNV IgM-seronegative. In CSF samples of WNND patients, WNV RNA was typically detectable when WNV IgM antibodies were absent. Blunted or no WNV IgM response and high WNV IgG levels were observed in seven patients with previous flavivirus immunity.
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