ArticlePloS one2020
The second national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Vietnam.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 56 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Differences in tuberculosis prevalence by sex in low- and middle-income countries over 1993-2025: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Urban and rural prevalence of tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Subclinical tuberculosis: a meta-analysis of prevalence and scoping review of definitions, prevalence and clinical characteristics.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Pooled it
- Symptom- and chest-radiography screening for active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative adults and adults with unknown HIV status.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra assays for screening for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults, irrespective of signs or symptoms.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Projected detection of active pulmonary TB through the Japan pre-entry TB screening programme.IJTLD open · 2026Article
- A public-private partnership for facility-based tuberculosis screening using chest radiographs, Viet Nam.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2026Article
- "That is why I trust": a qualitative study on acceptability and feasibility of novel tongue swab diagnostics to assess people presenting with tuberculosis symptoms in Viet Nam and Zambia.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of the STANDARD F TB-Feron FIA Assay for Tuberculosis Infection in Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Trends in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mortality: A Population-Based Study in a Northern Vietnamese Province, 2005-2008 and 2011-2018.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Towards universal social protection for people affected by tuberculosis in the Western Pacific Region: a social protection baseline assessment and policy entry points.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Prevalence and risk factors of tuberculosis among slum dwellers and unhoused individuals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Insights from a pilot study.Global health & medicine · 2025Article
- Projecting the Impact and Costs of Near Point-of-Care Tuberculosis Screening Assays in Community-based Active Case Finding.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Impact of Case Detection and COVID-19-Related Disruptions on Tuberculosis in Vietnam: A Modeling Analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Data-driven targets for reducing the global burden of TB.IJTLD open · 2025Article
- What Is the Optimal Community-Based Tuberculosis Screening Algorithm for People Who Inject Drugs in a High-Burden Setting?Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- "Time to Change": To What Extent Could Non-Sputum Sampling Accelerate the Fight Against Tuberculosis-A Qualitative Study Among End-Users.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Clinical outcomes of participants of a TB prevalence survey with an abnormal chest X-ray but no evidence of TB disease after a median follow-up of 9 months in Zambia and South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Persistently high TB prevalence in Nairobi County neighbourhoods, 2015-2022.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Cachexia in tuberculosis in South-East Asian and African regions: knowledge gaps and untapped opportunities.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Vietnam. The current TB burden is unknown as not all individuals with TB are diagnosed, recorded and notified. The second national TB prevalence survey was conducted in 2017-2018 to assess the current burden of TB disease in the country.
methodEighty-two clusters were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design. Adult (≥15 years of age) residents having lived for 2 weeks or more in the households of the selected clusters were invited to participate in the survey. The survey participants were screened for TB by a questionnaire and digital chest X-ray after providing written informed consent. Individuals with a positive symptom screen and/or chest X-ray suggestive of TB were asked to provide sputum samples to test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Ziehl-Neelsen direct light microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF G4, BACTEC MGIT960 liquid culture and Löwenstein-Jensen solid culture. Bacteriologically confirmed TB cases were defined by an expert panel following a standard decision tree.
resultOf 87,207 eligible residents, 61,763 (70.8%) participated, and 4,738 (7.7%) screened positive for TB. Among these, 221 participants were defined as bacteriologically confirmed TB cases. The estimated prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed adult pulmonary TB was 322 (95% CI: 260-399) per 100,000, and the male-to-female ratio was 4.0 (2.8-5.8, p<0.001). In-depth interviews with the participants with TB disease showed that only 57.9% (95% CI: 51.3-64.3%) reported cough for 2 weeks or more and 32.1% (26.3-38.6%) did not report any symptom consistent with TB, while their chest X-ray results showed that 97.7% (95% CI: 94.6-99.1) had abnormal chest X-ray images suggesting TB.
conclusionWith highly sensitive diagnostics applied, this survey showed that the TB burden in Vietnam remains high. Half of the TB cases were not picked up by general symptom-based screening and were identified by chest X-ray only. Our results indicate that improving TB diagnostic capacity and access to care, along with reducing TB stigma, need to be top priorities for TB control and elimination in Vietnam.
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