ArticlePloS one2020
Associations of meal patterning, dietary quality and diversity with anemia and overweight-obesity among Indonesian school-going adolescent girls in West Java.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meal time and meal regularity: is it associated with pediatric obesity? A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2026Pooled it
- Universal Subconstructs of a Healthy Diet for Children and Adolescents: A Critical Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Association of dietary diversity and odds of anemia in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The association between later eating rhythm and adiposity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Improving nutritional status and health outcomes in school-going adolescents: a randomized controlled trial of nutrition and WASH education interventions in Gojra, Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Factors associated with anemia among school-going adolescents aged 10-17 years in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a cross sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Dietary Diversity and Its Associated Factors Among High School Adolescent Girls in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2025.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Anemia and Its Associated Factors Among Schoolchildren in Metu Town Attending Public Primary Schools, Southwest Ethiopia.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Investigating the association between groundwater contaminants and hypertension risk in India: a machine learning-based analysis.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Anaemia among school-going adolescents in Burkina Faso: Prevalence and associated factors.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Meal skipping among adolescents in the Philippines: prevalence, associated factors, and associations with dietary, mental health, and health risk behavioural outcomes.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Pearl millet instant beverage powder enriched with baobab pulp to improve iron and anaemia status of adolescent girls in rural Ghana: a study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Food diversity: its relation to children's health and consequent economic burden.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Later eating rhythm measured in children at 7 years of age in the ALSPAC cohort.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among school-going adolescent girls in schools of Dhankuta municipality, Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Breakfast Consumption and Quality of Macro- and Micronutrient Intake in Indonesia: A Study from the Indonesian Food Barometer.Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPoor diet is a risk factor for anemia, overweight, and obesity among adolescent girls. However, comprehensive assessment on dietary quality and habits in this population is limited. We assessed the association of meal patterning, dietary quality, and dietary diversity with both anemia and overweight-obesity.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in 335 school-going adolescent girls aged 12-19 years from three districts in West Java using multi-stage cluster sampling. Meal patterning, Dietary Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A), and Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) were determined using 2-day 24-h recall.
resultsOf the girls, 45% were anemic and 17% overweight or obese. Eating occasions of 3-4 times (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.21-5.98) and >4 times (AOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.01-5.83) were associated with greater odds of developing anemia compared to eating occasions of <3 times. Adolescent girls who skipped dinner had greater odds of being overweight or obese (AOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.10-4.10) and were less likely to be anemic (AOR 0.56, 95%CI 0.33-0.95) compared to those who did not skip dinner. Difference in energy intake was found between girls who had dinner and skipped dinner (p = 0.05). Mean total DQI-A score was 44.4% ± 7.71% and DDS was 4.0 out of 9.0. DQI-A score was significantly higher in non-anemic compared to anemic girls. Moreover, each unit increment of 1% of total DQI-A score was associated with a 3.967 g/dL increases of hemoglobin after adjustment for confounders. We found differences in total DQI-A score between normal-weight and overweight or obese girls. DDS score was not significantly different between groups, although lower meat, chicken, and fish consumption were correlated with anemia (p<0.01).
conclusionsOverall, the girls had poor dietary quality and diversity. The findings therefore indicated the importance of improving dietary quality and diversity in a regular meal pattern, especially meal frequency and meal skipping, to reduce the risk of anemia and overweight-obesity among adolescent girls.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.