ArticlePloS one2020
Assessment of enrollment characteristics for Children's Oncology Group (COG) upfront therapeutic clinical trials 2004-2015.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Actionable Tumor Alterations and Treatment Protocol Enrollment of Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Refractory Cancers in the National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group Pediatric MATCH Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2022Trial
- Children's participation in assent to paediatric oncology research: experiences of children, siblings and parents.Trials · 2026Article
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Care of Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with Cancer: a Scoping Review.Current oncology reports · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Rare Pediatric Cancer Trial Enrollment: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group Rare Tumors Committee.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2026Article
- Enrollment in Children's Oncology Group's clinical trials: population-based linkage with the National Childhood Cancer Registry.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Disparities in Clinical Trial Participation in Children and Adolescent Patients With a Hematologic Malignancy.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2025Article
- Identification of leukemia-enriched signature through the development of a comprehensive pediatric single-cell atlas.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Body Composition at Diagnosis and Early Response in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Patterns of Clinical Trial Enrollment for Pediatric Patients With Hepatoblastoma and Wilms Tumor: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Multilevel challenges to equitable inclusion of children in trials when parents use languages other than English: A qualitative report from Children's Oncology Group's Diversity and Health Disparities Committee Language Equity Working Group.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2024Article
- Integrating Audiovisual Immersion Into Pediatric Radiation Therapy Across Multiple Centers: Methodology, Timeliness, and Cost of the Audiovisual-Assisted Therapeutic Ambience in Radiation Therapy Prospective Multi-Institutional Trial.Advances in radiation oncology · 2024Article
- Clinical trial recruitment of people who speak languages other than English: a Children's Oncology Group report.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Article
- Enrollment on upfront high-risk neuroblastoma trials by race, ethnicity, and poverty status: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2024Article
- Population-Based Data Linkage Describing Patterns of Cancer Clinical Trial Enrollment Among Children and Adolescents.JCO oncology practice · 2024Article
- Early death from childhood cancer: First medical record-level analysis reveals insights on diagnostic timing and cause of death.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Diversity and health disparities.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2023Article
- Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2023Article
- Challenges and Opportunities of Epidemiological Studies to Reduce the Burden of Cancers in Young Adults.Current epidemiology reports · 2023Article
- Reporting and Representation of Participant Race and Ethnicity in National Institutes of Health-Funded Pediatric Clinical Trials.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImprovements in pediatric cancer survival are attributed to cooperative clinical trials. Under-representation of specific demographic groups has been described in adult and pediatric cancer trials and poses a threat to the generalizability of results. An evaluation of data provided by the Children's Oncology Group (COG) of upfront trial enrollment for US patients 0 to 29 years old between 2004 and 2015 was performed.
methodsUS cancer cases were estimated using incidence data and US population estimates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and compared to observed COG cases. Percent enrollment and standardized ratios of enrollment were calculated across demographic, disease, and socioeconomic groups. The COG website was utilized to quantify available trials and assess age eligibility.
results19.9% of estimated US cancer patients age 0 to 19 years enrolled on COG trials. Younger patients were more represented across diseases and races/ethnicities. Patients with hematologic malignancies were more represented compared to solid and central nervous system (CNS) tumors.
conclusionCOG trial enrollment rates are declining when compared to previously published data, potentially from challenges in pediatric drug development, difficulty designing feasible trials for highly curable diagnoses, and issues ensuring trial availability for the heterogeneous group of solid and CNS tumors. Though racial/ethnic groups and county-level socioeconomic factors were proportionally represented, under representation of the adolescent/young adult (AYA) population and younger patients with solid and CNS tumors remains a concern. Targeted efforts should focus on these subgroups and further research should evaluate AYA enrollment rates across all available trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.