Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32324145›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2020

Bringing Virtual Reality From Clinical Trials to Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Eating Disorders: An Example Using Virtual Reality Cue Exposure Therapy.

Theresa Brown, Emily Nauman Vogel, Sarah Adler, Cara Bohon, Kim Bullock, Katherine Nameth, Giuseppe Riva, Debra L Safer, Cristin D Runfola

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06799962 (Assistance and Rehabilitation of Eating Behavior Through Devices Based on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06799962 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Assistance and Rehabilitation of Eating Behavior Through Devices Based on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality

TypeinterventionalSponsorIstituto per la Ricerca e l'Innovazione BiomedicaRan2025 to 2026Enrolled80ConditionsEating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia NervosaArmsEnhanced Body-Swap for Anorexia Nervosa, Emotional Rescripting for Bulimia Nervosa, Standard Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa (Control), Standard Therapy for Bulimia Nervosa (Control)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Virtual reality in the treatment of eating disorders.Clinical psychology & psychotherapy · 2021
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Theresa Brown *PGSP-Stanford PsyD Consortium, Palo Alto, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9261-3853
Emily Nauman Vogel *PGSP-Stanford PsyD Consortium, Palo Alto, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2971-0527
Sarah AdlerDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-7575-9730
Cara BohonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9978-3727
Kim BullockDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1214-1356
Katherine NamethDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1910-7302
Giuseppe RivaApplied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3657-106X
Debra L Safer *Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-9874-2277
Cristin D Runfola *Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5841-1556
Stanford University · USPalo Alto University · USUniversità Cattolica del Sacro Cuore · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Novel treatment options for eating disorders (EDs) are critically needed to enhance treatment outcomes and reduce the rates of treatment dropouts. On average, only 50% of individuals receiving evidence-based care remit, whereas 24% drop out before treatment completion. One particularly promising direction involves integrating virtual reality (VR) with existing evidence-based treatments (EBTs) such as cue exposure therapy (CET). Across psychiatric disorders, VR-based interventions are demonstrating at least preliminary efficacy and noninferiority to traditional treatments. Furthermore, VR technology has become increasingly portable, resulting in improved acceptance, increased access, and reductions in cost. However, more efficient research processes may be needed to uncover the potential benefits of these rapid technological advances. This viewpoint paper reviews existing empirical support for integrating VR with EBTs (with a focus on its use with EDs) and proposes key next steps to more rapidly bring this innovative technology-based intervention into real-world clinic settings, as warranted. VR-CET for EDs is used to illustrate a suggested process for developing such treatment enhancements. We recommend following a deployment-focused model of intervention development and testing to enable rapid implementation of robust, practice-ready treatments. In addition, our review highlights the need for a comprehensive clinical protocol that supports clinicians and researchers in the implementation and testing of VR-CET and identifies key missing protocol components with rationale for their inclusion. Ultimately, this work may lead to a more complete understanding of the full potential of the applications and integrations of VR into mental health care globally.

Indexed as

Feeding and Eating DisordersHumansTreatment OutcomeVirtual Reality Exposure Therapyeating disordersexposure therapytechnological innovationtranslational researchvirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID32324145
PMCPMC7206518
OpenAlexW3020675104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.