ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2020
The Noradrenergic System in Parkinson's Disease.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges and Opportunities in Exploring Non-Motor Symptoms in 6-Hydroxydopamine Models of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical and cognitive effects of external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) in neurological and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Othello syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and report of a case series.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- Changes in Gait Speed Vary Widely after the Use of Antiparkinson Medication in Persons with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Propranolol Reduces Parkinson's Tremor and Inhibits Tremor-Related Activity in the Motor Cortex: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.Annals of neurology · 2025Trial
- Stress and Parkinson's disease: from dysfunctional detection to impaired handling: a narrative review.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Pain in Parkinson's disease: bridging pathophysiology, clinical features, and personalized management.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Nigrostriatal dopaminergic vulnerability in Parkinson's disease: Neuroprotective strategies.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Involvement of Raphe Nuclei in Depressive-like Behaviors and Short-Term Memory in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Crosstalk of noradrenergic CaCell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Locus coeruleus α-synuclein overexpression induces prodromal Parkinsonian features in mice.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging of the monoaminergic system in Parkinson's disease: A narrative review.Neuroimage. Reports · 2026Review
- Mapping the Silent Onset of Parkinson's Disease: Monoamine Imaging in the Era of the Race for Preclinical Intervention.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- From Stress to Neurodegeneration: A New Look at the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Targeting the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway: emerging strategies for neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- The Effects of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Blockade in Mice Lacking the Norepinephrine Transporter (NET-KO Mice).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Anxiety and depression as prodromes of Parkinson's disease: prospective findings from the Moli-sani study.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Potential Effects of Music on Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: Translating Mechanisms to Therapy.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Characterization of the Lipidome of Neurons in Mouse Brain Nuclei Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Structural, functional and neurochemical imaging mapping of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nowadays it is well accepted that in Parkinson's disease (PD), the neurodegenerative process occurs in stages and that damage to other areas precedes the neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which is considered a pathophysiological hallmark of PD. This heterogeneous and progressive neurodegeneration may explain the diverse symptomatology of the disease, including motor and non-motor alterations. In PD, one of the first areas undergoing degeneration is the locus coeruleus (LC). This noradrenergic nucleus provides extensive innervation throughout the brain and plays a fundamental neuromodulator role, participating in stress responses, emotional memory, and control of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. Early in the disease, LC neurons suffer modifications that can condition the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments, and importantly, can lead to the appearance of common non-motor symptomatology. The noradrenergic system also exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect on the dopaminergic degeneration and noradrenergic damage can consequently condition the progress of the disease. From the pharmacological point of view, it is also important to understand how the noradrenergic system performs in PD, since noradrenergic medication is often used in these patients, and drug interactions can take place when combining them with the gold standard drug therapy in PD, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). This review provides an overview about the functional status of the noradrenergic system in PD and its contribution to the efficacy of pharmacological-based treatments. Based on preclinical and clinical publications, a special attention will be dedicated to the most prevalent non-motor symptoms of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.