ArticleScientific reports2020
Hierarchical levels of organization of the Brazil nut mesocarp.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- On the Origins of Toughness in Corymbia calophylla (Marri Tree) Nuts.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Generative Design of 3D-Printed Biomimetic Interlocking Blocks Inspired by the Cellular 3D Puzzle Structure of the Walnut Shell.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Ginkgo seed shell provides a unique model for bioinspired design.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- A Review of the Use of Natural Fibers in Cement Composites: Concepts, Applications and Brazilian History.Polymers · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aiming to understand Nature´s strategies that inspire new composite materials, the hierarchical levels of organization of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) mesocarp were investigated. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microtomography (MicroCT) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to deeply describe the cellular and fibrillary levels of organization. The mesocarp is the middle layer of the fruit which has developed several strategies to avoid its opening and protect its seed. Fibers have a different orientation in the three layers of the mesocarp, what reduces the anisotropy of the structure. Sclereids cells with thick cell walls fill the spaces between the fibers resembling a foam-filled structural composite. The mesocarp has several tubular channels and fractured surfaces which may work as sites for crack trapping and increase toughness. The thick and lignified cell wall of sclereids and fibers and the weak interface between cells can promote a longer and tortuous intercellular crack path. Additionally, fibers with high strength and stiffness due to microfibrils oriented along the main cell axis (µ = 0° to 17°) were identified in the innermost layer of the mesocarp. Such an understanding of each hierarchical level can inspire the development of new cellular composites with improved mechanical behavior.
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