ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Distribution and pyrethroid resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus populations and possible phylogenetic reasons for the recent invasion of Aedes aegypti in Nepal.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survey of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Rivers in Japan, Indonesia and Nepal.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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- Spatial Patterns of Dengue Incidence in Nepal During Record Outbreaks in 2022 and 2023: Implications for Public Health Interventions.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Knockdown-resistance (kdr) mutations in Indian Aedes aegypti populations: Lack of recombination among haplotypes bearing V1016G, F1534C, and F1534L kdr alleles.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanisms and genetic mutations of pyrethroid resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Diversity and distribution of sodium channel mutations in Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).Journal of medical entomology · 2024Article
- Article
- Discovery of super-insecticide-resistant dengue mosquitoes in Asia: Threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations.Science advances · 2022Article
- Genetic Diversity among Four Populations ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of dengue virus infections in Nepal, 2006-2019.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2021Article
- New mosquito repellency bioassay for evaluation of repellents and pyrethroids using an attractive blood-feeding device.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
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6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhen the first systematic list of mosquitoes in Nepal was reported in 1990, there was no description of Aedes aegypti (L.), while Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been included in the Stegomyia subgroup since the 1950s. The first record of Ae. aegypti in Nepal was reported in 2009, suggesting some coincidence between the invasion of this species and the first record of dengue fever in Nepal in 2006.
resultsWe performed a field survey of the distribution and insecticide susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Nepal in 2017 and 2018. Mosquito larvae were collected from used tires located along the streets of Kathmandu, Bharatpur and Pokhara, and a simplified bioassay was used to assess the susceptibility of the larvae to pyrethroid insecticides using d-allethrin. The presence or absence of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel was also detected by direct sequencing. V1016G was detected at a high frequency and a strong correlation was observed between the frequencies of V1016G and susceptibility indices in Ae. aegypti populations. F1534C was also detected at a relatively low frequency. In Ae. albopictus populations, susceptibilities to d-allethrin were high and no point mutations were detected. Analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was performed for assessing genetic diversity and the existence of two strains were identified in Ae. aegypti populations. One consisted of 9 globally-distributed haplotypes while the other was derived from an African haplotype.
conclusionsThe high pyrethroid resistance, high V1016G frequency, and relatively low quantity of insecticides used to control dengue vectors in Nepal may have resulted in only weak selection pressure favoring insecticide resistance and could support the hypothesis that this species has recently been introduced from neighboring Asian countries where pyrethroid resistance is relatively widespread.
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