ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2020
Reducing exposure to high levels of perfluorinated compounds in drinking water improves reproductive outcomes: evidence from an intervention in Minnesota.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pediatric effects of forever chemicals may last for a long time.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Characteristics of 'early adopters' of water treatment capacity needed to remove PFAS and other emerging contaminants in the United States.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2026Article
- A prospective study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), stress, and birth size in a cohort of U.S. Black women.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Exposure to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and associations with embryo quality and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- PFAS exposure and reproductive dysfunction: implications for outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- PFAS-contaminated drinking water harms infants.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Cross-cutting studies of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in Arctic wildlife and humans.The Science of the total environment · 2024Review
- Endocrine disruption and male reproductive disorders: unanswered questions.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Review
- Exposure ofEnvironmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Review
- Quantifying Disparities in Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Levels in Drinking Water from Overburdened Communities in New Jersey, 2019-2021.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Review
- Prenatal Exposure to PFAS, Associations with Preterm Birth and Modification by Maternal Estrogen Levels: The Maoming Birth Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Associations of Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Uterine Fibroid Changes across Pregnancy: NICHD Fetal Growth Studies - Singletons Cohort.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Firefighter occupational factors and the risk of preterm birth: results from a survey of women firefighters in the USA.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
- Leveraging Systematic Reviews to Explore Disease Burden and Costs of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposures in the United States.Exposure and health · 2023Article
- Influence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances on Occurrence of Coronavirus Disease 2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and female reproductive outcomes: PFAS elimination, endocrine-mediated effects, and disease.Toxicology · 2022Review
- Maternal Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) during Early Pregnancy in Relation to Preeclampsia Subtypes and Biomarkers of Preeclampsia Risk.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Toxicity and Human Health Review: Current State of Knowledge and Strategies for Informing Future Research.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been detected in drinking water supplies around the world and are the subject of intense regulatory debate. While they have been associated with several illnesses, their effects on reproductive outcomes remains uncertain.
methodsWe analyzed birth outcomes in the east Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area from 2002 to 2011, where a portion of the population faced elevated exposure to PFASs due to long-term contamination of drinking water supplies from industrial waste disposal. Installation of a water filtration facility in the highly contaminated city of Oakdale, MN at the end of 2006 resulted in a sharp decrease in exposure to PFASs, creating a "natural experiment". Using a difference-in-differences approach, we compare the changes in birth outcomes before and after water filtration in Oakdale to the changes over the same period in neighboring communities where the treatment of municipal water remained constant.
resultsAverage birth weight and average gestational age were statistically significantly lower in the highly exposed population than in the control area prior to filtration of municipal water supply. The highly exposed population faced increased odds of low birth weight (adjusted odds ratio 1.36, 95% CI 1.25-1.48) and pre-term birth (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19) relative to the control before filtration, and these differences moderated after filtration. The general fertility rate was also significantly lower in the exposed population (incidence rate ratio 0.73, 95% CI 0.69-0.77) prior to filtration and appeared to be rebounding post-2006.
conclusionsOur findings provide evidence of a causal relationship between filtration of drinking water containing high levels of exposure to PFASs and improved reproductive outcomes.
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Registered trials
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