Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32320650›Full record

ArticleCell reports2020

GDF15 Induces an Aversive Visceral Malaise State that Drives Anorexia and Weight Loss.

Tito Borner, Hallie S Wald, Misgana Y Ghidewon, Bei Zhang, Zhidan Wu, Bart C De Jonghe, Danna Breen, Harvey J Grill

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. The causes of cachexia: key signals and the brain.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Mechanistic insights into the liver-brain axis during chronic liver disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. GDF15 Is Elevated in Eating Disorders and Is Involved in the Gut-Brain Axis via Ghrelin.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. The energy resistance principle.Cell metabolism · 2025
    Review
  16. GDF15: An emerging disease target and biomarker of metabolic diseases.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Central mechanisms of emesis: A role for GDF15.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Tito BornerDepartment of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Hallie S WaldInstitute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Misgana Y GhidewonInstitute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Bei ZhangInternal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global R&D, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Zhidan WuInternal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global R&D, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Bart C De JongheDepartment of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Danna BreenInternal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global R&D, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Harvey J GrillInstitute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: grill@sas.upenn.edu.
University of Pennsylvania · USPfizer (United States) · US

Funding

NEURAL HIERARCHY IN THE MODULATION OF INGESTIVE BEHAVIORR01DK021397 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GRILL, HARVEY J, HAYES, MATTHEW R · 1986 to 2021
$8.8M
Neural Mechanisms of Nausea, Vomiting, and Energy DysregulationR01DK112812 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Bart C DE JONGHE, MATTHEW R HAYES · 2017 to 2026
$4.4M
Neural Hierarchy in the Modulation of Ingestive BehaviorR56DK021397 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GRILL, HARVEY J · 2008 to 2008
$434k
Neurobehavioral correlates of individual differences in obesity susceptibilityF31DK120162 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI WALD, HALLIE S · 2018 to 2020
$148k
NIDDK NIH HHS F31 DK120162NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK021397NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK112812NIDDK NIH HHS R56 DK021397
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The anorectic and weight-suppressive effects of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) are attracting considerable attention for treating obesity. Current experiments in rats investigate whether GDF15 induces an aversive visceral malaise-based state that mediates its acute anorectic effect and, through aversion conditioning, exerts longer-term anorexia. Visceral malaise, conditioned affective food responses (taste reactivity), gastric emptying (GE), food intake, and body weight are evaluated after acute and chronic systemic dosing of GDF15 or long-acting Fc-GDF15. Pica, a marker of visceral malaise, is present at all anorectic GDF15 doses. Moreover, malaise induced by GDF15 does not decline over time, suggesting the lack of an improved tolerance after prolonged exposure. One association between GDF15 and novel food conditions a disgust/aversive response that persists beyond GDF15 acute action. Delayed GE is not a requirement for GDF15-induced anorexia. Clinical studies are required to evaluate whether GDF15's aversive-state-based anorexia will be contraindicated as an obesity treatment.

Indexed as

AnimalsAnorexiaDisease Models, AnimalDose-Response Relationship, DrugGrowth Differentiation Factor 15HumansObesityRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyRecombinant ProteinsWeight LossGDF15 protein, humanGrowth Differentiation Factor 15Recombinant Proteinsaffective response to foodfood aversion conditioninggastric emptyingGFRALhindbrainMIC-1PBNpicataste reactivity

Identifiers

PMID32320650
PMCPMC7271892
OpenAlexW3017224205

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.