TMSB10 acts as a biomarker and promotes progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common urological malignancies. Identifying novel biomarkers and investigating the underlying mechanism of ccRCC development will be crucial to the management and treatment of ccRCC in patients. Thymosin b10 (TMSB10), a member of the thymosin family, is involved in various physiological processes, including tissue regeneration and inflammatory regulation. Moreover, it has been found to be upregulated in many types of carcinoma. However, its roles in ccRCC remain to be elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the expression of TMSB10 in ccRCC through mining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine databases, and to investigate the association between TMSB10 expression and clinicopathological factors. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry assays and western blotting were conducted to verify TMSB10 expression levels in human ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Functional analyses were also performed to identify the roles of TMSB10 in vitro. The results revealed that TMSB10 was significantly upregulated in RCC tissues and cell lines. The expression of TMSB10 was closely associated with various clinicopathological parameters. In addition, high expression of TMSB10 predicted poor clinical outcome. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that TMSB10 could sufficiently distinguish the tumor from normal kidney (area under the curve = 0.9543, P<0.0001). Furthermore, knockdown of TMSB10 impaired the proliferation of ccRCC cells, and attenuated cell and invasion in vitro. In addition, TMSB10 knockdown downregulated reduced the phosphorylation of PI3K and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that high expression of TMSB10 could serve as a useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC.