ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Retinal Distribution and Extracellular Activity of Granzyme B: A Serine Protease That Degrades Retinal Pigment Epithelial Tight Junctions and Extracellular Matrix Proteins.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the role of oxidative stress in retinal vein occlusion: an updated and comprehensive review on the pathophysiology and treatment perspectives.International ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Granzyme B in age-related macular degeneration: mechanistic insights and therapeutic perspectives.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Emerging roles of granzymes in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Dual Agents in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Granzyme B from mast cells contributes to choroidal neovascularization in a model of wet age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Granzyme B contributes to subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration by modulating inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Modulation of mTOR Within Retinal Pigment Epithelium Affects Cell Viability and Mitochondrial Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Oridonin Preserves Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cell Tight Junctions and Ameliorates Choroidal Neovascularization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on oxygen-induced mouse retinal neovascularization via intravitreal injection.Molecular vision · 2025Article
- Editorial: Roles of granzymes in inflammation, aging, and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Granzyme B and melittin in cancer immunotherapy: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in head and neck cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Mast cells promote choroidal neovascularization in a model of age-related macular degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Granzyme B Expression in Conjunctiva of Patients with Pterygium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Granzyme B degrades extracellular matrix and promotes inflammation and choroidal neovascularization.Angiogenesis · 2024Article
- Granzyme B degrades extracellular matrix and promotes inflammation and choroidal neovascularization.Angiogenesis · 2024Article
- Granzyme serine proteases in inflammation and rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Potential implications of granzyme B in keloids and hypertrophic scars through extracellular matrix remodeling and latent TGF-β activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of granzyme B in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Assessing the role of T cells in response to retinal injury to uncover new therapeutic targets for the treatment of retinal degeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of serine proteases first shown to be intracellular initiators of immune-mediated cell death in target pathogenic cells. In addition to its intracellular role, Granzyme B (GzmB) has important extracellular functions in immune regulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Verified substrates of extracellular GzmB activity include tight junctional and ECM proteins. Interestingly, little is known about the activity of GzmB in the outer human retina, a tissue in which the degradation of the tight junctional contacts of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and within the external limiting membrane, as well as remodeling of the ECM in Bruch's membrane, cause the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier and slowing of metabolite transport between neuroretina and choroidal blood supply. Such pathological changes in outer retina signal early events in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory eye disease. This study is the first to focus on the distribution of GzmB in the outer retina of the healthy and diseased post-mortem human eye. Our results revealed that GzmB is present in RPE and choroidal mast cells. More immunoreactive cells are present in older (>65 years) compared to younger (<55 years) donor eyes, and choroidal immunoreactive cells are more numerous in eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), while RPE immunoreactive cells are more numerous in eyes with soft drusen, an early AMD event.
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