ArticleSaudi journal of anaesthesia
The prevalence of emergence delirium and its associated factors among children at a postoperative unit: A retrospective cohort at a Middle Eastern hospital.
Article in Saudi journal of anaesthesia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel dexmedetomidine nasal spray for gastrointestinal recovery in pediatric laparoscopic hernia repair: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Risk factors for emergence delirium in infant-toddlers undergoing sevoflurane anesthesia and its impact on negative postoperative behavioral changes.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- Pediatric Anesthesia, Psychology, and Interventions: A Narrative Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Magnitude of emergence agitation, its interventions and associated factors among paediatric surgical patients.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Predictors of postoperative delirium in paediatric patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia at Amhara Regional State Tertiary Hospitals: a multicenter prospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Preoperative anxiety management in pediatric patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of distraction techniques.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Prevalence and risk factors of emergence agitation among pediatric patients undergo ophthalmic and ENT Surgery: a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Preoperative anxiety in children aged 2-7 years old: a cross-sectional analysis of the associated risk factors.Translational pediatrics · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundEmergence delirium (ED) has been reported among children at a postoperative setting, which delays their recovery and exposes them to traumas. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ED and its associated factors among children who underwent surgeries at a major tertiary healthcare facility in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND
methodsBetween March and August 2018, a retrospective cohort study was conducted based on a review of 413 medical charts of children (<14 years) who underwent an elective/nonemergency surgery and then were admitted to a Post Anesthesia Care Unit. Patient and surgery-related characteristics were analyzed as potential factors associated with ED. The anxiety level was assessed preoperatively using the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (four domains), while the ED was detected after surgery using the Watcha scale (child is agitated and thrashing around).
resultsThe leading surgery category was ear, nose, and throat surgeries [184 (44.6%)] and dental surgeries [109 (26.4%)]. Almost one-third received only general anesthesia (31.2%), while 271 (68.8%) received an additional regional block/skin infiltrate. The anxiety domains preop showed that the percentage mean score ± standard deviation of expression of emotions was 37.1 ± 21.6, apparent arousal 33.7 ± 20.4, activeness 30.1 ± 13.5, and vocalization 26.9 ± 20.3. The prevalence of ED among children who underwent surgeries during the 6-month period was 23 (6.6%). Almost 18.8% of those who received opioid analgesics (fentanyl alone) developed ED, while 12% of those who received both opioid and nonopioid analgesics (fentanyl/paracetamol) developed ED. ED was significantly associated with longer recovery duration 69.5 + 27.1 min,
conclusionED appears to be inevitable in postoperative settings. It is crucial to address any preoperative anxiety assessment as it is associated with ED. Anxiety remains a modifiable factor that can be managed, as well as to the administration of Precedex and adjunct analgesic treatments.
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