ArticleMalaria journal2020
Economic costs analysis of uncomplicated malaria case management in the Peruvian Amazon.
Article in Malaria journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Real-time malaria detection in the Amazon rainforest via drone-collected eDNA and portable qPCR.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Malaria in the Republic of Guinea 2022-2023: costs associated with the care pathway from the patient's perspective.Health economics review · 2024Article
- Proactive home-based malaria management in rural communities of Bassar Health District in northern Togo from 2014 to 2017: PECADOM + , a pilot experiment.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Uptake of Plasmodium chabaudi hemozoin drives Kupffer cell death and fuels superinfections.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Health and economic burden due to malaria in Peru over 30 years (1990-2019): Findings from the global burden of diseases study 2019.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2022Article
- Article
- Care-seeking behaviour and socio-economic burden associated with uncomplicated malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Integrating Parasitological and Entomological Observations to Understand Malaria Transmission in Riverine Villages in the Peruvian Amazon.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCase management is one of the principal strategies for malaria control. This study aimed to estimate the economic costs of uncomplicated malaria case management and explore the influence of health-seeking behaviours on those costs.
methodsA knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was applied to 680 households of fifteen communities in Mazan-Loreto in March 2017, then a socio-economic survey was conducted in September 2017 among 161 individuals with confirmed uncomplicated malaria in the past 3 months. Total costs per episode were estimated from both provider (Ministry of Health, MoH) and patient perspectives. Direct costs were estimated using a standard costing estimation procedure, while the indirect costs considered the loss of incomes among patients, substitute labourers and companions due to illness in terms of the monthly minimum wage. Sensitivity analysis evaluated the uncertainty of the average cost per episode.
resultsThe KAP survey showed that most individuals (79.3%) that had malaria went to a health facility for a diagnosis and treatment, 2.7% received those services from community health workers, and 8% went to a drugstore or were self-treated at home. The average total cost per episode in the Mazan district was US$ 161. The cost from the provider's perspective was US$ 30.85 per episode while from the patient's perspective the estimated cost was US$ 131 per episode. The average costs per Plasmodium falciparum episode (US$ 180) were higher than those per Plasmodium vivax episode (US$ 156) due to longer time lost from work by patients with P. falciparum infections (22.2 days) than by patients with P. vivax infections (17.0 days). The delayed malaria diagnosis (after 48 h of the onset of symptoms) was associated with the time lost from work due to illness (adjusted mean ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.3, 2.6). The average cost per malaria episode was most sensitive to the uncertainty around the lost productivity cost due to malaria.
conclusionsDespite the provision of free malaria case management by MoH, there is delay in seeking care and the costs of uncomplicated malaria are mainly borne by the families. These costs are not well perceived by the society and the substantial financial impact of the disease can be frequently undervalued in public policy planning.
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