ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Carbonyls and Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes Affected by Device Type and Use Patterns.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of lung function assessment among youth and young adults e-cigarette users: Current tools and emerging methods.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Electronic nicotine delivery system design and aerosol toxicants: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Methylglyoxal and Glyoxal in High-Puff Disposable Electronic Cigarette Liquids: Unexpected Accumulation and Enhanced Cytotoxicity.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Flavoring Compound Chemical Class and Vaping Conditions Determine Toxic Carbonyl Emissions from E-Cigarettes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Influence of e-cigarettes and their constituents on cardiac rhythm and arrhythmias.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Review
- Exposure to Toxic Compounds Using Alternative Smoking Products: Analysis of Empirical Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Feasibility assessment of a pharmaco-kinetic behavior based yield model of salivary cotinine among tobacco users.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Electronic Cigarette-Derived Metals: Exposure and Health Risks in Vapers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- The effects of flavored vaped e-liquids on cultured human macrophages derived from the central and peripheral nervous systems.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2025Article
- Acetaldehyde and methylglyoxal: comparative analysis of toxic electronic cigarette degradation products in 3D and 2D exposure systems using human bronchial epithelial models.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of carbonyl collection methods in electronic cigarette aerosols.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Ultrasonic Cigarettes: Chemicals and Cytotoxicity are Similar to Heated-Coil Pod-Style Electronic Cigarettes.Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- The Untapped Biomarker Potential of MicroRNAs for Health Risk-Benefit Analysis of Vaping vs. Smoking.Cells · 2024Review
- Exploring the Utility of Long Non-Coding RNAs for Assessing the Health Consequences of Vaping.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents in E-Liquids and Aerosols from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS).Chemical research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Forecasting vaping health risks through neural network model prediction of flavour pyrolysis reactions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- An Automated "Hands-Off" Method for Sampling Mainstream Smoke from Cannabis Cigarettes.Toxics · 2024Article
- Heated tobacco product IQOS induces unique metabolic signatures in human bronchial epithelial cells.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- In vitro toxicological evaluation of aerosols generated by a 4th generation vaping device using nicotine salts in an air-liquid interface system.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Oxidative Stress of Whole Aerosol from Vuse Alto ENDS Products.Toxics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dangerous levels of harmful chemicals in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) aerosols were reported by several studies, but variability in e-cigarette design and use patterns, and a rapid development of new devices, such as JUUL, hamper efforts to develop standardized testing protocols and understand health risks associated with e-cigarette use. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of e-cigarette design, power output, liquid composition, puff topography on e-cigarette emissions of carbonyl compounds, carbon monoxide (CO), and nicotine. Four popular e-cigarette devices representing the most common e-cigarette types (e.g., cig-a-like, top-coil, 'mod', and 'pod') were tested. Under the tested vaping conditions, a top-coil device generated the highest amounts of formaldehyde and CO. A 'pod' type device (i.e., JUUL) emitted the highest amounts of nicotine, while generating the lowest levels of carbonyl and CO as compared to other tested e-cigarettes. Emissions increased nearly linearly with puff duration, while puff flow had a relatively small effect. Flavored e-liquids generated more carbonyls and CO than unflavored liquids. Carbonyl concentrations and CO in e-cigarette aerosols were found to be well correlated. While e-cigarettes emitted generally less CO and carbonyls than conventional cigarettes, daily carbonyl exposures from e-cigarette use could still exceed acute exposure limits, with the top-coil device potentially posing more harm than conventional cigarettes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.