Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32313248›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2020

Liability threshold modeling of case-control status and family history of disease increases association power.

Margaux L A Hujoel, Steven Gazal, Po-Ru Loh, Nick Patterson, Alkes L Price

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
79citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
11.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
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19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Margaux L A HujoelDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. hujoel@g.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9116-1712
Steven GazalDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4510-5730
Po-Ru LohBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-9064
Nick PattersonBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-7975
Alkes L PriceDepartment of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. aprice@hsph.harvard.edu.
Broad Institute · USHarvard University · US

Funding

Training Grant in Quantitative Sciences for Cancer ResearchT32CA009337 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI QUACKENBUSH, JOHN, TRIPPA, LORENZO · 1986 to 2025
$12.3M
Statistical methods for studies of rare variantsR01MH101244 · NIMH · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Benjamin Michael Neale, ALKES L PRICE · 2013 to 2026
$9.4M
Statistical methods to localize disease heritability and identify biological mechanismsR37MH107649 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI Benjamin Michael Neale · 2019 to 2026
$7.0M
Methods for Genome-wide Association Studies in Admixed PopulationsR01HG006399 · NHGRI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI PRICE, ALKES L · 2011 to 2024
$6.3M
Statistical methods to localize disease heritability and identify biological mechanismsR01MH107649 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI NEALE, BENJAMIN MICHAEL · 2015 to 2018
$2.9M
Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009337NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG006399NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101244NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107649NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH107649
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Family history of disease can provide valuable information in case-control association studies, but it is currently unclear how to best combine case-control status and family history of disease. We developed an association method based on posterior mean genetic liabilities under a liability threshold model, conditional on case-control status and family history (LT-FH). Analyzing 12 diseases from the UK Biobank (average N = 350,000) we compared LT-FH to genome-wide association without using family history (GWAS) and a previous proxy-based method incorporating family history (GWAX). LT-FH was 63% (standard error (s.e.) 6%) more powerful than GWAS and 36% (s.e. 4%) more powerful than the trait-specific maximum of GWAS and GWAX, based on the number of independent genome-wide-significant loci across all diseases (for example, 690 loci for LT-FH versus 423 for GWAS); relative improvements were similar when applying BOLT-LMM to GWAS, GWAX and LT-FH phenotypes. Thus, LT-FH greatly increases association power when family history of disease is available.

Indexed as

Case-Control StudiesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMedical History TakingPhenotypePolymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Identifiers

PMID32313248
PMCPMC7210076
OpenAlexW3016423702

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.