ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Monitoring Leishmania infection and exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus using minimal and non-invasive canine samples.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensitivity of PCR in conjunctival swab samples for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2023Pooled it
- Strategic surveillance plan for zoonotic leishmaniosis in Portugal.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Direct quantitative PCR detects genetic biomarkers of antileishmanial drug resistance in clinical samples from dogs with leishmaniosis.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Validation of a duplex real-time PCR (qPCR) in clinically classified dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum before and after specific treatment: preliminary results.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Dogs as sentinel hosts for sand-fly-borne infections in the Mediterranean Basin: a multinational serological survey.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Development of new screening tools to evaluate dog exposure to Phlebotomus tobbi and Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
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- Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity AgainstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Analysis of the current risk ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- A blinded, randomized and controlled multicenter clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of LeisguardParasites & vectors · 2023Article
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- Leishmania exposure in dogs from two endemic countries from New and Old Worlds (Brazil and Portugal): evaluation of three serological tests using Bayesian Latent Class Models.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Leishmania infantum infection serosurveillance in stray dogs inhabiting the Madrid community: 2007-2018.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Canine visceral leishmaniasis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus: evaluation and comparison of classical techniques.Veterinary research communications · 2022Article
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- PpSP32-like protein as a marker of human exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Leishmania donovani foci in Bangladesh.International journal for parasitology · 2021Article
- Article
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8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn endemic areas of zoonotic leishmaniosis caused by L. infantum, early detection of Leishmania infection in dogs is essential to control the dissemination of the parasite to humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serological and/or molecular diagnostic performance of minimally and non-invasive samples (conjunctiva cells (CS) and peripheral blood (PB)) for monitoring Leishmania infection/exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus salivary antigens in dogs at the beginning and the end of sand fly seasonal activity (May and October, respectively) and to assess associated risks factors.
methodsA total of 208 sheltered dogs from endemic areas of leishmaniosis were screened. Leishmania DNA detection in PB on filter paper and CS was performed by nested-PCR (nPCR), while the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was performed using IFAT and ELISA. The exposure to P. perniciosus salivary antigens (SGH, rSP01 and rSP03B + rSP01) was measured by ELISA.
resultsNinety-seven (46.6%) and 116 (55.8%) of the 208 dogs were positive to Leishmania antibodies or DNA by at least one test at the beginning and end of the sand fly season, respectively. IFAT and ELISA presented a substantial agreement in the serodiagnosis of leishmaniosis. Discrepant PB nPCR results were obtained between sampling points. Leishmania DNA was detected in CS of 72 dogs at the end of the phlebotomine season. The presence of antibodies to the parasite measured by ELISA was significantly higher in dogs presenting clinical signs compatible with leishmaniosis at both sampling points. Phlebotomus perniciosus salivary antibodies were detected in 179 (86.1%) and 198 (95.2%) of the screened dogs at the beginning and end of the phlebotomine season, respectively.
conclusionsThe association between ELISA positivity and clinical signs suggests its usefulness to confirm a clinical suspicion. CS nPCR seems to be an effective and non-invasive method for assessing early exposure to the parasite. PB nPCR should not be used as the sole diagnostic tool to monitor Leishmania infection. The correlation between the levels of antibodies to P. perniciosus saliva and Leishmania antibodies suggests the use of a humoral response to sand fly salivary antigens as biomarkers of L. infantum infection.
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