SynthesisPloS one2020
Sex and gender differences in caregiving burden experienced by family caregivers of persons with dementia: A systematic review.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 282 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct trajectories of emotional distress and physical health among informal dementia caregivers surrounding bereavement: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impacts of psychological wellbeing with HIV/AIDS and cancer among sexual and gender minorities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- Informal Caregiving, Loneliness and Social Isolation: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Gendered experiences of providing informal care for older people: a systematic review and thematic synthesis.BMC health services research · 2021Pooled it
- Needs Assessment of Safe Medicines Management for Older People With Cognitive Disorders in Home Care: An Integrative Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- A protection motivation theory-guided telehealth coaching program for middle-aged adults with cardiometabolic risk: A feasibility trial.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Does the approach used to measure sexual identity affect estimates of health disparities differently by race? A randomized experiment from the National Survey of Family Growth.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Trial
- Musculoskeletal Pain in Family Caregivers: Does a Therapeutic Physical Program in Primary Care Work? A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- The Effect of Family-Centered Education on the Care Burden of Family Caregivers of the Elderly with Cancer: A Quasi-experimental Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2022Trial
- Experiences and coping strategies of family caregivers caring for people with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review of qualitative studies.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2026Review
- Reimagining Caregiving Roles and Challenging Gender Norms: A Husband's Experience with Caring for Wife Living with Dementia.Men and masculinities · 2026Article
- The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Homecare Use for Individuals with Physical Disabilities Stratified by Sex, Age, and Mental Health Condition: A Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data.Home health care management & practice · 2026Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life in Lung Cancer Survivors: Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Psychosocial Modulators.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Association Between Living With a Family Member With Dementia and Depressive Symptoms: A Nationwide Study in Korea.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2026Article
- Spousal Dementia Exposure and Risk of Dementia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Lived Experiences of Male Caregivers Supporting Individuals with Parkinson's Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Health Patterns of Dementia Caregivers With Chronic Pain: Latent Profile Analysis of the PROMIS-29 Measure.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Gender differences in informal caregiving costs and burden in Alzheimer disease: a multinational cross-sectional analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Emotional dysregulation as a moderating factor on the relationship between the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms and high caregiving intensity among mothers caring for children diagnosed with life-limiting conditions.Palliative & supportive care · 2026Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMuch is known about the demands of caregiving for persons with dementia (PWD) and its effects on family caregivers, however sex and gender aspects have received less attention. We synthesized the evidence on sex and gender distinctions in: (1) the caregiving burden and (2) the impact of caregiving on the physical and mental health of family caregivers of PWD.
designSystematic review. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature between January 2007 and October 2019 were searched. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Included studies met the following criteria: (1) examine experiences and/or impacts of caregiving among family caregivers of individuals with any form of dementia; (2) report sex and/or gender distribution of study population and/or report results stratified by sex and/or gender, and (3) include both male and female family caregivers. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed risk of bias using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist and National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies. Data were synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach.
resultsA total of 22 studies were included. Caregiving burden was measured using various methods. A majority of studies reported higher burden among females. All studies that did not report a sex and gender difference in caregiving burden accounted for confounders. Findings on sex and gender differences on physical and mental health conditions were inconsistent with most studies failing to account for confounders in their analyses.
conclusionsCurrent evidence on sex and gender differences in caregiving burden, mental and physical health is limited. Findings suggest presence of sex and gender differences in caregiving burden. Given the variety of mental and physical health constructs that were examined, further research is required to substantiate the evidence. PROPSERO Registration Number: CRD 42018070032.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.