ArticleAging2020
Epigenetic modulation of macrophage polarization prevents lumbar disc degeneration.
Article in Aging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Pooled it
- CRISPR screening identifies DTX4 governing alveolar macrophage cholesterol efflux in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- AAV Vector-Mediated Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Neurological Disorders: Insights From Cellular, Animal, and Human Studies.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Immune-mediated interactions between sarcopenia and atherosclerosis in aging.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies of Macrophage Polarization in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.JOR spine · 2025Review
- Self-assembled antioxidant enzyme-mimicking hydrogel: Targeting oxidative stress and macrophage organization for improving degenerated intervertebral discs.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Deubiquitinase JOSD2 alleviates colitis by inhibiting inflammationActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Immune microenvironment in intervertebral disc degeneration: pathophysiology and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Inflammation preservation strategy: reconciling pain control and disc resorption in lumbar disc herniation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Bioinformatics and Experimental Validation of FLVCR1 and SOX4 in Regulating Mitochondria-Macrophage Crosstalk in Disc Degeneration.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- DNA methyltransferase 1 deficiency improves macrophage motility and wound healing by ameliorating cholesterol accumulation.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- The Use of Medical Ozone in Chronic Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Can Be an Etiological and Conservative Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis: a common molecular disease spectrum.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Suppression of microglial Ccl2 reduces neuropathic pain associated with chronic spinal compression.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Effect of regulating macrophage polarization phenotype on intervertebral disc degeneration.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- Inhibition of angiogenetic macrophages reduces disc degeneration-associated pain.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Persistent expression of NLRP3 in spinal microglia promotes development of lumbar disc degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- New Progress in Basic Research of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Low Back Pain.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inflammation plays an essential role in the development of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), although the exact effects of macrophage subtypes on LDD remain unclear. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that M2-polarization of local macrophages and simultaneous suppression of their production of fibrotic transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) could inhibit progression of LDD. Thus, we applied an orthotopic injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying shRNA for DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and/or shRNA for TGFβ1 under a macrophage-specific CD68 promoter to specifically target local macrophages in a mouse model for LDD. We found that shDNMT1 significantly reduced levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, significantly increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, significantly increased M2 macrophage polarization, significantly reduced cell apoptosis in the disc degeneration zone and significantly reduced LDD-associated pain. The anti-apoptotic and anti-pain effects were further strengthened by co-application of shTGFβ1. Together, these data suggest that M2 polarization of macrophages induced by both epigenetic modulation and suppressed production and release of TGFβ1 from polarized M2 macrophages, may have a demonstrable therapeutic effect on LDD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.