ArticleJournal of travel medicine2020
Antigen-based diagnosis of Schistosoma infection in travellers: a prospective study.
Article in Journal of travel medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02194712 (Detection of Schistosomiasis Circulating Anodic Antigen), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Detection of Schistosomiasis Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) in Travellers After High-risk Water Contact
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute schistosomiasis in travellers: outcomes of a short-course therapy.Journal of travel medicine · 2025Article
- Schistosomiasis in migrant children and adolescents in a paediatric tropical referral unit in Spain: diagnosis and long-term management challenges.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Schistosomiasis diagnosis: Challenges and opportunities for elimination.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Review
- Point-of-care potentials of lateral flow-based field screening forBiology methods & protocols · 2024Review
- Evaluation of Two Different Strategies for Schistosomiasis Screening in High-Risk Groups in a Non-Endemic Setting.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- UCP-LF and other assay methods for schistosome circulating anodic antigen between 1978 and 2022.Biology methods & protocols · 2023Review
- Clonorchis sinensis infection modulates key cytokines for essential immune response impacted by sex.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTravellers infected with Schistosoma spp. might be pauci- or even asymptomatic on first presentation. Therefore, schistosomiasis may remain undiagnosed in this population. Active infection, as evidenced by the presence of the tissue-dwelling worm, can be demonstrated via the detection of adult worm-derived circulating anodic antigen (CAA) utilising a robust well-described lateral flow-(LF) based test applying background-free up-converting reporter particles (UCP). In this prospective study, we assessed the diagnostic value of serum and urine UCP-LF CAA test in comparison with two Schistosoma-specific serological assays detecting antibodies against adult worm antigen-immuno fluorescence assay (AWA-IFA) and against soluble egg antigen-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SEA-ELISA) antigens in travellers.
methodsSamples were collected from 106 Dutch travellers who reported freshwater contact in sub-Saharan Africa and who were recruited up to 2 years after return. Subjects were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire on travel history, water contact, signs and symptoms compatible with schistosomiasis.
resultsTwo travellers were positive by serum CAA and an additional one by urine CAA. A total of 22/106 (21%) samples were antibody positive by AWA-IFA and 9/106 (9%) by SEA-ELISA. At follow-up 6 weeks and 6 months after praziquantel treatment, all seropositives remained antibody positive whereas CAA was cleared. Seropositivity could not be predicted by the type of fresh water-related activity, country visited or symptoms reported.
conclusionThe low number of UCP-LF CAA positives suggests that in travellers, active infections often do not establish or have very low worm burden. Based on our high seroconversion rates, we conclude that the AWA-IFA assay is the most sensitive test to detect schistosome exposure. Given the lack of predictive symptoms or risk factors, we recommend schistosomiasis screening at least by serology in all travellers with reported freshwater contact in high-endemic areas.
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