Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32306940›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2020

Antibiotic use and resistance: an unprecedented assessment of university students' knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) in Lebanon.

Samer Sakr, Ali Ghaddar, Bassam Hamam, Imtithal Sheet

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  9. A pill for every ill? Unpacking antibiotic misuse among Bangladeshi university students.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Samer SakrDepartment of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon. Samer.sakr@liu.edu.lb.
Ali GhaddarDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Bassam HamamDepartment of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.
Imtithal SheetDepartment of Biological and Chemical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe emergence and spread of pathogenic bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics has become a major public health concern. The incorrect prescription, inappropriate consumption and excess use of antimicrobial drugs, specifically antibiotics, are possibly the main factors contributing to the widespread of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards the use of antibiotics as well as their resistance among Lebanese university students in health and non-health related majors.

methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted between May and June 2019 in Beirut (Lebanon) in which 750 students completed a questionnaire made up of four dimensions: Socio-demographic characteristics, 3 questions; assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices, 7, 10 and 1 question, respectively. The data was collected in spreadsheets and analysed with descriptive statistics. The difference in mean scores in each of the knowledge, attitude and practices dimensions between health and non-health related major students was analysed using t-student tests and the difference in percentages using chi-square tests.

resultsAlmost 78% of respondents from the health related majors scored high knowledge compared to only 41% of non-health related majors (mean = 4.26; standard error = 0.05 versus mean = 3.41; standard error = 0.13, respectively). The attitude score of the health related major students (35.42%) was positive and more satisfactory compared to the non-health related students (7.32%); (mean = 9.34; standard error = 0.05 versus mean = 9.10; standard error = 0.21, respectively). However, the difference in the scores of attitudes was not statistically significant.

conclusionsInterventions to promote awareness in this area should focus more students in on non-health related majors.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, MicrobialHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLebanonMaleStudentsSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung AdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnd non-health related majorsAntibiotic resistanceAntibiotic useAttitudeHealth related majorsKAPKnowledgePractice

Identifiers

PMID32306940
PMCPMC7169022

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.