Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32306933›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2020

Individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia; a multi-level analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey.

Melaku Yalew, Bezawit Adane, Bereket Kefale, Yitayish Damtie

Open access · goldAbstract readEvaluation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Melaku YalewDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia. kalmelaku12@gmail.com.
Bezawit AdaneDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Bereket KefaleDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Yitayish DamtieDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Wollo University · ET

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is limited evidence on the unmet need for contraceptives among married reproductive-age women especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.

methodA secondary analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset which were collected cross-sectional. A total of 9056 women who were fecund, married and/or sexually active were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.

resultFactors significantly associated with unmet need were; ages of women between 45 and 49 years [AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: (1.34, 3.79)], greater than or equal to three living children [AOR = 1.87, 95% CI: (1.40, 2.49)], belong to richer household [AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.97)], Muslim followers [AOR = 1.37, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.83)], married more than once [AOR = 1.31, 95% CI: (1.06, 1.62)]. From community level variables: belong to the Somali region [AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.61)] were significantly associated with unmet need.

conclusionBoth individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of unmet need. From individual-level factors: advanced ages of women, many total numbers of living children, live in the richer wealth quintile, being Muslim follower and married more than once and from community-level variables: belong to the Somali region were significantly associated with unmet need for contraception. The findings suggested that health care providers should mainly focus on women nearly on menopauses, who live in the poorest household and who had many numbers of living children and married more than once to decrease the unmet need for contraceptives.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultContraceptionContraception BehaviorCross-Sectional StudiesDemographyEthiopiaFamily Planning ServicesFemaleHealth Services Needs and DemandHumansLogistic ModelsMarriageMiddle AgedMultilevel AnalysisOdds RatioContraceptive utilizationEDHS 2016Multi-level analysisUnmet need

Identifiers

PMID32306933
PMCPMC7168822
OpenAlexW3016800714

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.