GuidelineClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2020
ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Guideline in Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 397 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
397 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 833 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of Malnutrition in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown on body weight: A combined systematic review and a meta-analysis.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Pooled it
- Sequelae of COVID-19 among previously hospitalized patients up to 1 year after discharge: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infection · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on serum level of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Long COVID-19: The Need for an Interdisciplinary Approach.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Vitamins C and D and COVID-19 Susceptibility, Severity and Progression: An Evidence Based Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of fluid and drinking on pneumonia mortality in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical nutrition ESPEN · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise-Based Rehabilitation in Severe COVID-19 Survivors with Long COVID: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Virgin coconut oil (VCO) supplementation relieves symptoms and inflammation among COVID-19 positive adults: a single-blind randomized trial.Journal of nutritional science · 2024Trial
- Response to Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effect of a Nutritional Support System to Increase Survival and Reduce Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in Stage III and Comorbidities: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Nutrition-Related Parameters and Imaging Severity of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults: A Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Multicenter Cohort.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Increased physical performance after personalised physiotherapy and nutritional counselling in adults with post-COVID-19 condition: a feasibility randomised trial.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Nutritional status and clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Metabolism open · 2026Review
- The role of nutritional status in prognosis of Fournier gangrene: a single-center experience.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2026Article
337 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemics is posing unprecedented challenges and threats to patients and healthcare systems worldwide. Acute respiratory complications that require intensive care unit (ICU) management are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Patients with worst outcomes and higher mortality are reported to include immunocompromised subjects, namely older adults and polymorbid individuals and malnourished people in general. ICU stay, polymorbidity and older age are all commonly associated with high risk for malnutrition, representing per se a relevant risk factor for higher morbidity and mortality in chronic and acute disease. Also importantly, prolonged ICU stays are reported to be required for COVID-19 patients stabilization, and longer ICU stay may per se directly worsen or cause malnutrition, with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and function which may lead to disability, poor quality of life and additional morbidity. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition should therefore be routinely included in the management of COVID-19 patients. In the current document, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) aims at providing concise guidance for nutritional management of COVID-19 patients by proposing 10 practical recommendations. The practical guidance is focused to those in the ICU setting or in the presence of older age and polymorbidity, which are independently associated with malnutrition and its negative impact on patient survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.