ArticleInternational health2021
Prevalence and social determinants of tobacco use in Afghanistan.
Article in International health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health Care Access Barriers Among Reproductive-Age Women in East Africa: Development and Validation of Machine Learning Prediction Models Using DHS Data.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- Scrutinizing Socio-Economic Determinants of Adolescent Tobacco Uptake in Türkiye: An Empirical Overview.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2025Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Sociocultural determinants of health-associated quality of life among Afghan refugees in Pakistan: evidence from a multi-stage cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Associations of tobacco use, physical activity and diet with hypertension in the city of Kandahar, Afghanistan: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Afghanistan: insights of the nationwide population-based survey in 2018.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2024Review
- Tobacco Use and Associated Factors Among Men in Tanzania: Further Analysis of the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey Data.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- Trend analysis of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in Afghanistan.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2023Article
- Cancer prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates in Afghanistan in 2020: A review study.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Strategies to tackle non-communicable diseases in Afghanistan: A scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption: A National Ecological Study in Mexican Adolescents.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2023Article
- A gender-specific assessment of tobacco use risk factors: evidence from the latest Pakistan demographic and health survey.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among men in India: findings from a nationally representative data.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLimited evidence exists on the prevalence and social determinants of tobacco use in Afghanistan-a fragile post-war context where the tobacco epidemic is on the rise. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and social determinants of tobacco use in Afghan men and women.
methodsData from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey of 10 760 men and 29 461 women were used to generate weighted prevalence estimates for smoking, smokeless tobacco (SLT) products including chew and snuff tobacco, 'any tobacco use' and 'dual tobacco use'. We also modelled associations with tobacco outcomes using binary logistic regressions.
resultsWe found that for men, smoking cigarettes was the most prevalent form of tobacco use (21.9% [95% confidence interval {CI} 21.2-22.7]). Prevalence rates were far lower for women, with cigarette/pipe smoking at 3.4% (95% CI 3.2-3.7). For both sexes, tobacco use was inversely associated with education and positively associated with agricultural and skilled and unskilled manual labour occupations. Wealth increased the odds of smoking for men but decreased the odds for women. Media exposure had little influence on tobacco use among women; however, the effects were more varied for men.
conclusionsOur results demonstrate social inequalities in tobacco use among Afghan men and women, which calls for stronger tobacco control measures and continued monitoring of this growing epidemic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.