ArticleEndocrine pathology2020
The Diagnostic Dilemma of GATA3 Immunohistochemistry in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma.
Article in Endocrine pathology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metastatic Carotid Body Paraganglioma Following Three Decades of Indolent Growth: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Double faces of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma-a review of integrated pathologic diagnosis.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- Predominant catecholaminergic differentiation in tympanic paragangliomas: report of three consecutive cases.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Review
- Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas-Current Management.Cancers · 2025Review
- Case report: Synchronous bladder and retroperitoneal paragangliomas: an extremely rare entity.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- The Molecular Classification of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Discovering the Genomic and Immune Landscape of Metastatic Disease.Endocrine pathology · 2024Review
- Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck: A Review of the Latest Diagnostic and Treatment Methods.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Hand2 Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Paragangliomas and Other Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Endocrine pathology · 2024Article
- Phox2B is a sensitive and reliable marker of paraganglioma-Phox2B immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Top 10 Nested Pattern Head and Neck Lesions to Notice.Head and neck pathology · 2023Review
- Cauda equina neuroendocrine tumors show biological features distinct from other paragangliomas and visceral neuroendocrine tumors.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Paraganglioma of the Head and Neck: A Review.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2023Review
- Preoperative Diagnosis of Abdominal Extra-Adrenal Paragangliomas with Fine-Needle Biopsy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Update from the 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors: Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Head and neck pathology · 2022Review
- Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Paragangliomas and Pheochromocytomas.Endocrine pathology · 2022Review
- Dopamine β-hydroxylase: An Essential and Optimal Immunohistochemical Marker for Pheochromocytoma and Sympathetic Paraganglioma.Endocrine pathology · 2021Article
- Data set for the reporting of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: explanations and recommendations of the guidelines from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.Human pathology · 2021Review
- Immunohistochemical distinction of paragangliomas from epithelial neuroendocrine tumors-gangliocytic duodenal and cauda equina paragangliomas align with epithelial neuroendocrine tumors.Human pathology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Although GATA3 has been recognized as a useful marker for mammary and urothelial carcinomas, there is large variation in GATA3 expression detected in pheochromocytoma (PC) and paraganglioma (PGL), from 90% to less than 5%. For GATA3 to be a useful diagnostic marker for PCCs/PGLs, the reasons for such discrepancy must be elucidated. Thus, we compared different immunohistochemistry protocols. Three protocols for GATA3 immunohistochemistry, including the use of an automated slide stainer or manual staining with an autoclave and EDTA buffer vs citric acid buffer, were compared. Whole sections of paraffin-embedded tumors, including 30 PCCs, 37 PGLs including 15 head and neck PGLs, 5 retroperitoneal PGLs, 17 urinary bladder PGLs, and 14 neuroblastoma group tumors, were examined and compared with mammary and urothelial carcinoma sections as positive controls. Using the automated slide stainer (Benchmark ULTRA; Ventana Medical Systems) with both buffers, mammary and urothelial carcinomas demonstrated strong GATA3 positivity; however, PCCs/PGLs showed negative or weak heterogeneous staining. Manual staining with an autoclave for antigen retrieval resulted in increased GATA3 immunoreactivity in all head and neck PGLs, all retroperitoneal PGLs, 88% of urinary PGLs, 17% of PCCs, and all neuroblastomas, except for ganglion cells. The normal adrenal medulla stained weakly and heterogeneously. In conclusions, immunohistochemistry for GATA3 in PCCs/PGLs requires stronger antigen retrieval than that in mammary and urinary carcinomas. This finding is especially important to consider if GATA3 is applied for the differential diagnosis of PGLs in unusual sites as supplemental data to the expression of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes.
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