ArticleInternational journal of surgery case reports2020
Haemorrhage in pre-existing adrenal masses. A case series.
Article in International journal of surgery case reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
introductionAdrenal haemorrhage in the context of a pre-existing adrenal mass is a rare, underestimated and potentially fatal surgical emergency. It is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain. PRESENTATION OF CASES: Data from 13 patients with adrenal haemorrhage in a pre-existing adrenal mass were prospectively collected during a 9 year period from a single institution. All patients underwent CT imaging which formed the basis of diagnosis and a complete endocrinological evaluation. Seven out of 13 patients underwent an elective surgical procedure and 2 patients underwent emergency laparotomy. Five out of 13 patients were diagnosed with metastatic disease. One patient was diagnosed with pheochromocytoma. DISCUSSION: The likelihood of an undiagnosed pheochromocytoma renders emergency surgery extremely precarious. Complete patient evaluation includes testing for hormonally active adrenal tumors and malignancy. Emergency surgery is reserved for cases where conservative management fails.
conclusionHaemorrhage of an adrenal mass constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Most patients respond well to initial resuscitation efforts. When feasible, patients should undergo a complete hormonal and oncologic evaluation before surgical intervention is considered.
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