Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32302547›Full record

ReviewTrends in cell biology2020

Lipid Rafts: Controversies Resolved, Mysteries Remain.

Ilya Levental, Kandice R Levental, Frederick A Heberle

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Trends in cell biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 310 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
310citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

310 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Ciliary Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Health and Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Mimicking Cellular Membranes With Micropatterned Lipid Bilayers.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Protein-enhanced small molecule disruptors of ordered membrane domains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Autosomal recessiveMolecular genetics and metabolism reports · 2026
    Article
  20. Review

250 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ilya LeventalDepartment of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 70030, USA. Electronic address: ilya.levental@uth.tmc.edu.
Kandice R LeventalDepartment of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 70030, USA.
Frederick A HeberleDepartment of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Shull Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 33830, USA.

Funding

The functional organization of mammalian membranes-Equipment SupplementR35GM134949 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI Ilya Levental · 2020 to 2026
$3.8M
Lipidomic, biophysical, and functional differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell membranesR01GM114282 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI LEVENTAL, ILYA · 2015 to 2019
$1.7M
Effects of lipidomic diversity on GPCRR01GM120351 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE · PI LYMAN, EDWARD RAY · 2017 to 2021
$1.6M
Structural determinants and functional consequences of protein partitioning to ordered membrane microdomains.R01GM124072 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA · PI LEVENTAL, ILYA · 2017 to 2019
$961k
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM114282NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM120351NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM124072NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM134949
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The lipid raft hypothesis postulates that lipid-lipid interactions can laterally organize biological membranes into domains of distinct structures, compositions, and functions. This proposal has in equal measure exhilarated and frustrated membrane research for decades. While the physicochemical principles underlying lipid-driven domains has been explored and is well understood, the existence and relevance of such domains in cells remains elusive, despite decades of research. Here, we review the conceptual underpinnings of the raft hypothesis and critically discuss the supporting and contradicting evidence in cells, focusing on why controversies about the composition, properties, and even the very existence of lipid rafts remain unresolved. Finally, we highlight several recent breakthroughs that may resolve existing controversies and suggest general approaches for moving beyond questions of the existence of rafts and towards understanding their physiological significance.

Indexed as

AnimalsHumansMembrane LipidsMembrane MicrodomainsModels, BiologicalNanoparticlesMembrane Lipids

Identifiers

PMID32302547
PMCPMC7798360

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.